Draft Notification ESZ around Nagarahole Tiger Reserve Karnataka

REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99 The Gazette of India CG-DL-E-14092026-276168 EXTRAORDINARY PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii) PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY No. 4675] NEW DELHI, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2026/ BHADRA 11, 1948 6762 GI/2026 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE NOTIFICATION New Delhi, the 2nd September, 2026 S.O. 4862(E).— The following draft notification, which the Central Government proposes to issue in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), read with clause (v) and clause (xiv) of sub-section (2) and subsection (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) is hereby published, as required under sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, for the information of the public likely to be affected thereby; and notice is hereby given that the said draft notification shall be taken into consideration on or after the expiry of a period of sixty days from the date on which copies of the Gazette containing this notification are made available to the public; Any person interested in making any objections or suggestions on the proposals contained in the draft notification may forward the same in writing, for consideration of the Central Government within the period so specified to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jorbagh Road, Aliganj, New Delhi-110 003, or send it to the e-mail address of the Ministry at [email protected] DRAFT NOTIFICATION WHEREAS, the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve encompassing an area of 843.96 sq. km. is situated in Mysore district (Hunsur, Periyapatna and Heggadadevankote taluks) and Kodagu district (Ponnampete and Virajpet taluks) in the State of Karnataka. It lies between latitudes 11°50′N and 12°25'N and longitudes 75°54′E and 76°18′E. The area was first constituted as Nagarahole Wildlife Sanctuary in the year 1955, covering an area of 285 sq. km. Subsequently, additional areas were included and final notification for an area of 643.39 sq. km. was issued in the year 1983 notifying the same as the Nagarahole National Park. In the year 2002, the National Park area was notified as an extension of the Bandipur Tiger Reserve landscape. AND WHEREAS, the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve was also notified as Core/Critical Tiger Habitat (CTH) on 20th December, 2007. Further, an area of 562.41 sq. km. was notified as Buffer Zone of the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve on 14th August, 2012; AND WHEREAS, the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (~5500 sq. km.) and also forms an integral part of the Mysore Elephant Reserve. It supports very high density of Asian Elephants with significantly higher number of adult tuskers signifying its ecological importance; AND WHEREAS, the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve is contiguous with Bandipur Tiger Reserve and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in the State of Kerala making it one of the largest wildlife habitat landscapes in the country. The Tiger Reserve is also linked to Bramhagiri Wildlife Sanctuary through reserve forests in Kerala. This entire landscape is also home to a healthy viable population of wild Tigers; AND WHEREAS, the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve also serves as a catchment of important perennial streams and tributaries of the Kaveri, Lakshmanathirtha and Kabini Rivers. The region is home to Jenu Kuruba, Betta Kuruba and Yerava forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes; AND WHEREAS, the region has very high floral and faunal diversity. The major forests of Nagarahole National Park and Tiger Reserve can broadly be classified into Southern Tropical Semi-evergreen forests, occuring in patches along the western boundary with Kerala, Southern Tropical Moist deciduous forests, which are found in the reserve forests of Hatghat, Nalkeri, Arikeri and south-western parts of Kakankote and western part of Metikuppe, and Southern Tropical Dry deciduous forests, which are confined to the reserve forests of Metikuppe, Veeranahosahalli, Kachuvanahalli, and parts of Kakanakote; AND WHEREAS, the vegetation of the region comprises of species of Shorea talura, Santalum album, Terminalia chebula, Anogeissus latifolia, Azadirachta indica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Acacia leucophloea, Acacia catechu, Stereospermum chelonoides, Zizyphus sps., Diospyros melnoxylon, Diospyros montana, etc. Lantana bushes cover large areas as under growth, including Phoenix acaulis at some places. Cassia tora, Cassia auriculata, Desmodium etc., also form the undergrowth. Acacia intsia is the common climber. Bamboos are generally absent. Sandal occurs profusely in this type of forests; AND WHEREAS, the diverse fauna of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve is due to its ecological variations from dry deciduous forests in the eastern regions of the National Park to tropical moist deciduous forests in the western parts of the National Park. The unique grassy swamps locally called 'Hadlus' provide forage for herbivores through the dry periods of summer. The elevation of the Tiger Reserve varies from 700 m to 960 m. The region has a tropical climate with rainfall ranging from 1000 mm. to 1500 mm. AND WHEREAS, it is one of the high density tiger landscapes recognized by the Global Tiger Initiative for conservation of Tiger. It is also one of the richest wildlife areas noted for the intact assemblage of seven large ungulate species such as Chital, Sambar, Chowsingha, Gaur, Muntjac, Wild Pig and Elephant; AND WHEREAS, other commonly encountered mammals include Tiger, Leopard, Jungle cat, Leopard cat, Fishing cat, Rusty spotted cat, Small Indian civet, Common palm civet, Common mongoose, Striped necked mongoose, Brown mongoose, Ruddy mongoose, Jackal Dhole or Indian wild dog, Sloth bear, Common otter, Flying fox, Indian giant squirrel, Common giant flying squirrel, Three Stripped palm squirrel, Indian porcupine, Indian hare, Elephant, Gaur, Four horned antelope, Sambar, Chital, Barking deer, Mouse deer, Wild boar, Indian pangolin, etc. also inhabit the Tiger Reserve. AND WHEREAS, 330 species of avifauna are recorded in the Tiger Reserve such as Malabar Pied Hornbill, Malabar Trogon, Green Imperial Pigeon, Peafowl, Crested Serpent Eagle, Osprey, Grey Jungle Fowl, Wooly Necked Stork, King Vulture, etc. along with critically endangered Long-billed and White- Rumped Vultures; AND WHEREAS, the important butterfly species include the Tree Nymph, Blue Tiger, Common Tiger, Plain Tiger, Common Indian Crow, Common Four-ring, Common Evening-Brown, Tawny Rajah, Gray Count, Baronet, Colour Sergeant, Common Sergeant, Common Sailer, Great Egg fly, Danaid Egg fly, Grey Pansy, Chocolate Pansy, Yellow Pansy, Blue Pansy, Lemon Pansy, Peacock Pansy, Small Leopard, Angled Caster, Pale Grass Blue, Gram Blue, Common Bird-wing, Crimson Rose, Common Rose, Common Mime, Blue Mormon, Red Helen, Common Mormon, Lime Butterfly, Malabar-banded Swallow-tail, Spectacle Sword-tail, Tailed Jay, Common Jezbel, Indian Cabbage White, Great Orange Tip, Common Emigrant, Common Grass Yellow, etc.; AND WHEREAS, the important reptile species include Marsh Crocodile, Indian Pond Terrapin, Monitor lizard, Chameleon, Spectacled Cobra, Russell's Viper, Common Krait, Indian Rock Python and a host of other snakes, lizards and turtles species. AND WHEREAS, as per the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) some of the species, which fall under category of Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened are found in Nagarahole Tiger Reserve includes Mammals such as, Tiger (Panthera tigris), Common leopard (Panthera pardus), Rusty spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus), Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis), Spotted Deer (Axis axis), Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi), Stripe necked Mongoose (Herpes tesvitticollis), Jackal (Canis aureus), Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus), Indian Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Mouse Deer (Tragulus meminna), Wild Pig (Sus scrofa), Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), Flying Fox (Ptreopus molarus), Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica) etc.; Birds such as Grey fronted Green Pigeon (Tretonpom padora), Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), Black winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus), Red wattled Lapwing (Vanellus malabaricus), Little ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius), Green shank (Tringao chropus), Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola), Pintail Snipe (Gallina gostenura), Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), Indian Lorikeet (Loriculus vernalis), Blue winged Parakeet (Psittacula columoides), Koel (Eudynamys scolopacea), Crow pheasant (Centropus sinensis) etc.; Reptiles such as Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), Spectacled cobra (Naja naja), Rock Python (Python molarus), Russels Viper (Viper arussllii), etc.; Floral species such as Gulganji (Abrus precatorious), Banni (Acacia ferruginea), Seege (Acacia concinna), Bilvapatre (Aegle marmelos), Bage (Albizzia lebbeck), Chigare (Albizzia amara), Seethaphala (Annona squamosal), Kadu-nimbe (Aristolocia indica), Shathavari (Asparagus recemosus), Jagalaganti (Diosporus Montana), Bela (Limonia apidissima), Navilaadi (Witex altissima), Tapasi (Olina intrigfolia), Edathala (Vachelli anilotica) etc. AND WHEREAS, it is necessary to conserve and protect the area, surrounding the boundaries of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve which are specified in paragraph 1 as Eco-sensitive Zone from ecological, environmental and biodiversity point of view and to prohibit industries or class of industries and their operations and processes in the said Eco-sensitive Zone; NOW THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and clauses (v) and (xiv) of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (Act 29 of 1986) (hereafter in this notification referred to as the Environment Act) read with sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby notifies an area to an extent varying of 0 (zero) to 7.5 km around the boundary of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve in the State of Karnataka as Eco-sensitive Zone (hereafter in this notification referred to as the Eco-sensitive Zone) details of which are as under, namely:- 1. Extent and Boundaries of the Eco-Sensitive Zone of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve- (1) The Eco-sensitive Zone shall be to an extent of 0 (zero) to 7.5 km around the boundary of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve and the area of the Eco-sensitive zone is 573.959 sq. km. The extent of Eco-sensitive Zone at various directions is given below:- Direction From the Boundary of the Protected Area (in km) North 1 - 6.9 North- East 5.20 East 7.4 South-East 0 South 0 South-West 0 West 1 North-West 24.08 Justification for 0 (zero) ESZ: ESZ is kept as 0 km (zero) towards south-east, south and south-west directions due to interstate boundary with Kerala. * The Eco-sensitive Zone covers 101 villages (entire/partial) with a geographical area of 271.61 sq. km. * The notified Reserve Forest Areas under the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve Eco-Sensitive Zone has a geographical area of 302.36 sq. km. * The distance from the adjoining Reserve Forest Areas situated at the northern directions is 23.6 km from the boundary of the Nagarahole Tiger Reserve. (2) The boundary description of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve and its Eco-sensitive Zone is appended as Annexure - IA and Annexure - IB. (3) The map of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve and its Eco-sensitive Zone is appended as Annexure - II. (4) List of prominent geo-coordinates of the boundary of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve and Eco-Sensitive Zone is appended as Annexure-IIIA & Annexure-IIІВ. (5) The list of villages falling in the proposed Eco-sensitive zone is appended as Annexure-IV. (6) The list of the adjoining Reserve Forest Areas included in the Eco-sensitive Zone of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve is appended as Annexure-V. 2. Zonal Master Plan for the Eco-Sensitive Zone of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve- (1) The State Government shall, for the purpose of the Eco-sensitive Zone prepare, a Zonal Master Plan, within a period of two years from the date of publication of final notification in the Official Gazette, in consultation with local people and adhering to the stipulations given in this notification for approval of Competent Authority in the State Government. (2) The Zonal Master Plan for the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be prepared by the State Government in such manner as is specified in this notification and also in consonance with the relevant Central and State laws and the guidelines issued by the Central Government, if any. (3) The Zonal Master Plan shall be prepared in consultation with the following State Departments, for integrating the ecological and environmental considerations into the said plan:- (i) Environment; (ii) Forest and Wildlife; (iii) Agriculture; (iv) Revenue; (v) Urban Development; (vi) Tourism; (vii) Rural Development; (viii) Irrigation and Flood Control; (ix) Municipal; (x) Panchayati Raj; (xi) Public Works Department. (4) The Zonal Master Plan shall not impose any restriction on the approved existing land use, infrastructure and activities, unless so specified in this notification and the Zonal Master Plan shall factor in improvement of all infrastructure and activities to be more efficient and eco-friendly. (5) The Zonal Master Plan shall provide for restoration of denuded areas, conservation of existing water bodies, management of catchment areas, watershed management, groundwater management, soil and moisture conservation, needs of local community and such other aspects of the ecology and environment that need attention. (6) The Zonal Master Plan shall demarcate all the existing worshipping places, villages and urban settlements, types and kinds of forests, agricultural areas, fertile lands, green area, such as, parks and like places, horticultural areas, orchards, lakes and other water bodies and also with supporting maps. (7) The Zonal Master Plan shall regulate development in the Eco-sensitive Zone and adhere to prohibited, regulated activities listed in Table in paragraph 4 and also ensure and promote eco-friendly development for livelihood security of local communities. (8) The Zonal Master Plan shall be co-terminus with the Regional Development Plan. (9) The Zonal Master Plan so approved shall be the reference document for the Monitoring Committee for carrying out its functions of monitoring in accordance with the provisions of this notification. 3. Measures to be taken by the State Government.- The State Government shall take the following measures for giving effect to the provisions of this notification, namely:- i. 1. Land use. - (a) Forests, horticulture areas, agricultural areas, parks and open spaces earmarked for recreational purposes in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall not be used or converted into areas for major commercial or major residential complex or industrial activities. Provided that the conversion of agricultural and other lands, for the purpose other than that specified at part (a), within the Eco-sensitive Zone may be permitted on the recommendation of the Monitoring Committee, and with the prior approval of the competent authority under the relevant State laws and other rules and regulations of Central or State Government as applicable and vide provisions of this notification, to meet the residential needs of the local residents such as: i. Widening and strengthening of existing roads and construction of new roads; ii. Construction and renovation of infrastructure and civic amenities; iii. Small scale industries not causing pollution; iv. Cottage industries including village industries; convenience stores and local amenities supporting eco- tourism including home stay; and V. Promoted activities and given under para 4 Provided further that no use of tribal land shall be permitted for commercial and industrial development activities without the prior approval of the competent authority under the relevant State laws and other rules and regulations of State Government and without compliance of the provisions of article 244 of the Constitution or the law for the time being in force, including the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007): Provided also that any error appearing in the land records within the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be corrected by the State Government, after obtaining the views of Monitoring Committee, once in each case and the correction of said error shall be intimated to the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change: Provided also that the above correction of error shall not include change of land use in any case except as provided under this sub-paragraph. (b) Efforts shall be made to reforest the unused or unproductive agricultural areas with afforestation and habitat restoration activities. 2. Natural water bodies. - The catchment areas of all natural springs/rivers/ channels shall be identified and plans for their conservation and rejuvenation shall be incorporated in the Zonal Master Plan. 3. Tourism/Eco-tourism. – (a) All new Eco-tourism activities or expansion of existing tourism activities within the Eco- sensitive Zone shall be as per the Tourism Master Plan for the Eco-sensitive Zone; (b) The Tourism Master Plan shall be prepared by Department of Tourism in consultation with State Departments of Environment and Forests; (c) The Tourism Master Plan shall form a component of the Zonal Master Plan; (d) The Tourism Master Plan shall be drawn based on the study of carrying capacity of the Eco- sensitive Zone; (e) The activities of Eco-tourism shall be regulated as under, namely:- i. No new construction of hotels and resorts shall be allowed within 1 km from the boundary of the Tiger Reserve or up to the extent of the Eco-sensitive Zone whichever is nearer: Provided that beyond the distance of 1 km from the boundary of the Tiger Reserve till the extent of the Eco-sensitive Zone, the establishment of new hotels and resorts shall be allowed only in pre-defined and designated areas for Eco-tourism facilities as per Tourism Master Plan. ii. all new tourism activities or expansion of existing tourism activities within the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Eco-tourism guidelines issued by National Tiger Conservation Authority (as amended from time to time) with emphasis on eco-tourism. iii. until the zonal master plan is approved, development for tourism and expansion of existing tourism activities in the Eco-Sensitive Zone areas falling outside forest lands shall be permitted by the concerned regulatory authorities based on the actual site-specific scrutiny and recommendation of the monitoring committee and no new hotels/ resorts or commercial establishment construction is permitted within Eco-Sensitive Zone Area. 4. Natural Heritage. - All sites of valuable natural heritage in the Eco-sensitive Zone, such as the gene pool reserve areas, rock formations, waterfalls, springs, gorges, groves, caves, points, walks, rides, cliffs, etc. shall be identified and a heritage conservation plan shall be drawn up for their preservation and conservation as a part of the Zonal Master Plan. 5. Man-made heritage sites. - Buildings, structures, artifacts, areas and precincts of historical, architectural, aesthetic, and cultural significance shall be identified in the Eco-sensitive Zone and heritage conservation plan for their conservation shall be prepared as part Zonal Master Plan. 6. Noise pollution. - Prevention and Control of noise pollution in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be complied with in accordance with Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 7. Air pollution. - Prevention and control of air pollution in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be complied with in accordance with the provisions of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981) and the rules made thereunder. 8. Discharge of effluents. - Discharge of treated effluent in Eco-sensitive Zone shall be in accordance with the provisions of the General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants covered under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules made thereunder or standards stipulated by State Government, whichever is more stringent. 9. Solid wastes. - Disposal and Management of solid wastes shall be as under:- a. the solid waste disposal and management in Eco-sensitive Zone shall be carried out in accordance with the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change vide notification number S.O. 1357 (E), dated the 8th April, 2016 and as amended from time to time; the inorganic material may be disposed in an environmental acceptable manner at site identified outside the Eco-sensitive Zone; b. No burning or incineration of solid wastes and establishment of landfills shall be permitted in the Eco-sensitive Zone. 10. Bio-medical waste. - Bio medical waste management shall be as under:- a. The bio-medical waste disposal in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be carried out in accordance with the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide Notification number GSR 343 (E), dated the 28th March, 2016; as amended from time to time. b. No common treatment facility or incineration shall be permitted within the Eco-sensitive Zone. 11. Plastic Waste Management. - The Plastic Waste Management in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number G.S.R. 340(E), dated the 18th March, 2016, as amended from time to time. 12. Construction and Demolition Waste Management. - The Construction and Demolition Waste Management in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number G.S.R. 317(E), dated the 29th March, 2016, as amended from time to time. 13. E-waste. - The E- Waste Management in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the E-Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and as amended from time to time. 14. Vehicular traffic. - The vehicular movement of traffic shall be regulated in a habitat friendly manner and specific provisions in this regard shall be incorporated in the Zonal Master Plan and till such time as the Zonal Master plan is prepared and approved by the Competent Authority in the State Government, the Monitoring Committee shall monitor compliance of vehicular movement under the relevant Acts and the rules and regulations made there under. 15. Vehicular Pollution. - Prevention and control of Vehicular Pollution shall be complied with in accordance with applicable laws and efforts to be made for use of cleaner fuel for example CNG, LPG, etc. 16. Industrial Units. - a. On or after the publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, no new polluting industries shall be allowed to be set up within the Eco-sensitive Zone. b. Only non-polluting industries shall be allowed within Eco-sensitive Zone as per classification of Industries in the Guidelines issued by Central Pollution Control Board in January 2025, as amended from time to time, unless so specified in this notification. In addition, non-polluting cottage industries shall be promoted. 17. Protection of Hill Slopes. - The protection of hill slopes shall be as under:- a. The Zonal Master Plan shall indicate areas on hill slopes where no construction shall be permitted. b. No construction on existing steep hill slopes or slopes with a high degree of erosion shall be permitted. 4. List of activities Prohibited, or to be regulated within the Eco-sensitive Zone.- All activities in the Eco-Sensitive Zone of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve shall be governed by the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972), Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927), Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (69 of 1980) and other applicable laws including the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), 2011, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, and amendments made thereto and other Acts prevalent in the State. The forest area coming under the Eco-sensitive Zone will remain to be governed under existing forest laws and amendments made thereto. The Karnataka Forest Act, 1963, Karnataka Forest Rules, 1969 and amendments made thereto. Subject to the provisions of this paragraph, the activities in the Eco-sensitive Zone shall be regulated in manner specified in the Table below, namely:- Table 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