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DRAFT NOTIFICATION ESZ AROUND NEYYAR PEPPARA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY KERALA

Issue Date: 23 July 2026 Published: 29 July 2026 Published with 6 days delay
Gazette ID: CG-DL-E-29072026-274903 Download PDF Official source ↗
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                Core Purpose
            

            
The Central Government notifies a draft Eco-Sensitive Zone around the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries in Kerala, exercising powers under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

        

        

        
        
        

            

                
                    
                    
                    
                    
                
                Detailed Summary
            

            
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change issued notification S.O. 4052(E) on July 23, 2026, publishing a draft proposal by the Central Government to establish an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries in Kerala. This action is taken under sub-section (1), read with clauses (v) and (xiv) of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), and sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. The primary objective is to conserve and protect the ecological, environmental, and biodiversity significance of these sanctuaries, which are part of the Agasthayamalai Biosphere Reserve and Periyar Elephant Reserve in the Western Ghats, by prohibiting certain industries and regulating others. The Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, covering 128 km², was initially notified vide GO (MS) 871/58 AD dated January 6, 1958, and re-notified on March 18, 1971, while the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, spanning 53 km², was notified vide GO(P) No. 379/83 AD dated December 21, 1981; both are under the administrative control of the Thiruvananthapuram Wildlife Division. The proposed ESZ will cover 52.036 sq. km, with an extent ranging from 0 to 2.72 km and a mean distance of 1.3 km from the sanctuaries' boundaries. Zero extent ESZ is justified in certain directions due to contiguity with Tamil Nadu's Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve and Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, and the exclusion of densely populated villages. The notification mandates the State Government of Kerala to prepare a Zonal Master Plan within two years, in consultation with various state departments and local communities, to regulate land use, tourism (prohibiting new hotels/resorts within 1 km of sanctuary boundaries or ESZ extent, whichever is nearer), and pollution control (noise, air, effluents, solid, bio-medical, plastic, construction & demolition, E-waste management) according to specified rules and acts. New polluting industries are prohibited, and only non-polluting industries, as per Central Pollution Control Board guidelines from January 2025, are allowed. The public has sixty days from the Gazette's availability to submit objections or suggestions to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

        

        

        
        

            

                
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                
                Full Text
            

            
            

                
REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99
The Gazette of India
CG-DL-E-29072026-274903
EXTRAORDINARY
PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii)
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
No. 3882]
NEW DELHI, THURSDAY, JULY 23, 2026/SHRAVAN 1, 1948
5621 GI/2026 (1)

ANNEXURE-V
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 23rd July, 2026

S.O. 4052(E).—The following draft notification, which the Central Government proposes to issue in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), read with clause (v) and clause (xiv) of sub-section (2) and subsection (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) is hereby published, as required under sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, for the information of the public likely to be affected thereby; and notice is hereby given that the said draft notification shall be taken into consideration on or after the expiry of a period of sixty days from the date on which copies of the Gazette containing this notification are made available to the public;

Any person interested in making any objections or suggestions on the proposals contained in the draft notification may forward the same in writing, for consideration of the Central Government within the period so specified to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jorbagh Road, Aliganj, New Delhi-110 003, or send it to the e-mail address of the Ministry at [email protected]

DRAFT NOTIFICATION
WHEREAS, the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries are the southern most Protected Areas in the State of Kerala. It forms a part of core area of the Agasthayamalai Biosphere Reserve and Periyar Elephant Reserve in the Western Ghats. These two wildlife sanctuaries have rich biodiversity and are named after the two rivers, viz. Neyyar and Peppara respectively. The Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary falls in Klamala extension, Kottur extension and Nettukaltherikunnu Reserve Forests. The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary falls in Kottur & Palode Reserve Forests. The wildlife sanctuaries are administrative control of the Thiruvananthapuram Wildlife Division.

AND WHEREAS, the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary is spread over south-east corner of the Western Ghats covering an area of 128 km². It is situated between 8°17′ and 8°53′N Latitude and 76°40′ and 77°17'E Longitude in Neyyatinkara Taluka of Thiruvananthapuram district;

AND WHEREAS, the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is spread over an area of 53 km² and falls in Kottur & Palode Reserve Forests. It is situated between 80° 34' and 80° 41'N Latitude and 77° 6' and 77°14'E Longitude in Nedumangad Taluka of Thiruvananthapuram district;

AND WHEREAS, the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary was notified vide GO (MS) 871/58 AD dated 06.01.1958 and the boundaries of the same was re-notified vide GO (P)NO.2305/F2/71 AD dated 18.03.1971 adding the Neyyar Reservoir into the wildlife sanctuary. The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary was notified vide GO(P) No. 379/83 AD dated 21.12.1981;

AND WHEREAS, the protected areas harbours almost all the major mammals of peninsular India. The topography and the climate of the sanctuary enable the occurrence of varied micro and macro habitats to shelter its variety of animals. The faunal diversity includes mammals (43 species), birds (233 species), reptiles (46 species), amphibians (13 species) fishes (27 species) and a wide variety of butterflies;

AND WHEREAS, the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries are treasure houses of plant diversity with about 1000 species of flowering plants belonging to more than 132 families, which represents nearly 22% of the total flowering plants estimated from Kerala. The vegetation mainly comprises of Evergreen and Moist Deciduous Forest which includes a variety of medicinal plants and tree species such as Abrus precatorius, Adhatoda zeylanica Medic., Alngium salvifolium, Aloe vera, Alphonsea zeylanica, Asparagus racemosus, Bombax ceiba, Caesalpinia mimosoides, Calamus brandisii, Calophyllum apetalum, Canarium strictum Roxb, Cassia fistula, Cinnamomum travancorium Gamble, Curcuma pseudomontana Graham, Cyathea gigantean, Dalbergia latifolia, Helicteres isora, Murraya koenigii, Myristica dactyloides Gaertn, Piper longum, Syzygium travancoricum Gamble, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia paniculata, Trichopus zeylanicus, Waltheria indica, Wrightia tinctoria, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important mammals of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Panthera tigris, Panthera pardus, Cuon alpines, Bos gaurus, Elephas maximus, Muntiacus muntjak, Lepus nigricollis, Macaca radiata, Herpestes fuscus, Rattus norvegicus, Pteropus giganteus, Manis crassicaudata, Hystrix indica, Sus scrofa, Felis chaus, Macacca silenus, Ratufa indica, Moschola meminna, Nilgiritragus hylocrius, Trachypithecus johnii, Martes gwatkinsii, Cervus unicolor, Melursus ursinus, Viverricula indica, Petinomys fuscocapillus, Lutrogale perspicillata, Funambulus palmarum, Paradoxurus hermaphrodites etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important birds of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Perdicula asiatica, Perdicula argoondah, Perdicula erythrorhyncha, Galloperdix spadioea, Gallus sonneratii, Picumnus innominatus, Dendrocopos nanus, Dendrocopos mahrattensis, Micropternus brachyurus, Dryocopus javensis, Picus chlorolophus, Picus xanthopygaeus, Dinopium javanense, Dinopium benghalense, Chrysocolaptes lucidus, Hemicircus canente, Ceyx erithacus, Megalaima viridis, Megalaima rubricapilla, Megalaima haemacephala, Ocyceros griseus, Buceros bicornis, Upupa epops, Harpactes fasciatus, Alcedo meninting, Coracias benghalensis, Alcedo atthis, Pelargopsis capensis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Ceryle rudis, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important reptile species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Ahaetulla nasuta, Calotes versicolor, Chamaeleo zeylanicus, Draco dussumieri, Hypnale hypnale, Naja naja, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important amphibian species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Duttaphrynus beddomii, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Duttaphrynus parietalis, Pedostibes tuberculosus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Fejervarya keralensis, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Fejervarya sp, Micrixalus fuscus, Micrixalus sp, Ramanella sp, Nyctibatrachus aliciae, Nyctibatrachus beddomii, Nyctibatrachus major, Nyctibatrachus minor, Nyctibatrachus pillai, Nyctibatrachus vasanthi, Cinotarsus curtipes, Hylarana aurantiaca, Hylarana temporalis, Indirana beddomii, Indirana diplosticta, Indirana sp, Polypedates pseudocruciger, Polypedates sp, Pseudophilautus kani, Raorchestes akroparallagi, Raorchestes anili, Raorchestes beddomii, Raorchestes bobingeri, Raorchestes chotta, Raorchestes ponmudi, Raorchestes chalazodes, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important fish species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Anguilla bengalensis, Aplocheilus lineatus, Barilius bakeri, Clarias dussumieri, Cyprinus carpio, Devario aequipinnatus, Devario malabaricus, Etroplus maculatus, Garra hughi, Garra mcclellandi, Garra mullya, Heteropneustes fossilis, Horabagrus brachysoma, Mastacembelus armatus, Mystus malabaricus, Nemacheilus guentheri, Nemacheilus triangularis, Ompok bimaculatus, Ompok malabaricus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Pristolepis marginata, Puntius dorsalis, Puntius fasciatus, Puntius filamentosus, Puntius sarana, Puntius ticto, Rasbora daniconius, Tor Khudree, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important butterfly species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Abisara echerius, Acraea violae, Actolepis lilacea, Actolepis puspa, Aeromachus dubius, Aeromachus pygmaeus, Amathusia phidippus, Amblypodia anita, Ampittia dioscorides, Anaphaeis aurota, Anthene lycaenina, Appias indra, Appias Lalage, Appias lyncida, Arhopala amantes, Arhopala pseudocentaurus, Ariadne Ariadne, Ariadne merione, Arnetta mercara, Arohopala abseus, Athyma nefte, Athyma perius, Athyma ranga, Athyma selenophora, Badamia exclamationis, Baoris farri, Baracus vittatus, Bibasis sena, Bindahara phocides, Borbo bevani, Borbo cinnara, Burara gomata, Burara jaina, Caleta caleta, Caltoris canaraica, Caltoris kumara, Caprona agama, Castalius rosimon, Catapaecilma major, Catochrysops Strabo, Catopsilia pomona, Catopsilia pyranthe, Celaenorrhinus leucocera, Celaenorrhinus ruficornis, Cephrenes chrysozona, etc;

AND WHEREAS, the rare, endangered and threatened (RET) of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries are Cheriyadalodakam (Adhatoda beddomei), Akil (Aglaia malabarica Sasidh.), Kantha-kamugu (Bentinckia condapanna), Maramanjal (Coscinium fenestratum), Vellakil (Dysoxylum malabaricum), Kattukudambulli (Garcinia gummi-gutta), agnisikha (Gloriosa superba), Amrithapala (Janakia arayalpathra), Chorapyyin (Knema attenuata), Kattujathi (Myristica malabarica), Kulamavu (Persea macrantha), Thippali (Piper longum L.), Ellukooti (Pterospermum reticulatum), Vathamkollimaram (Syzygium travancoricum), Neermaruthu (Terminalia arjuna), Vellapayin (Vateria indica), Gaur (Bos gaurus) Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Black naped hare (Lepus nigricollis), Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata), Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Toddy cat (Paradoxurus hemaphrodites), Malabar giant squirrel (Ratufa indica), Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii), Jungle myna (Acridotheres fuscus), Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Larger golden backed woodpecker (Chrysocolaptes lucidus), White-bellied treepie (Dendrocitta leucogastra), Black drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis), Grey jungle fowl (Gallus sonneratii), Rufous woodpecker (Micropternus brachyurus), Malabar whistling thrush (Myiophonus horsfieldii), Black headed oriole (Oriolus xanthornus), Ashy prinia (Prinia socialis), Red whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), Indian garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), South Indian flying lizard (Draco dussumieri), Spectacled cobra (Naja naja), Beddome's toad (Duttaphrynus beddomii), Malabar tree toad (Pedostibes tuberculosus), Anil's bush frog (Raorchestes anili), Malabar danio (Devario malabaricus), Yellow catfish (Horabagrus brachysoma), Malabar rose (Pachliopta pandiyana), Monkey puzzle (Rathinda amor), Southern birdwing (Troides minos), etc;

AND WHEREAS, major endemic species recorded from the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries includes Arogyapacha (Trichopus zeylanicus), Kattuchena (Amorphophallus commutatus), Anjili (Artocarpus hirsutus Lam.), Amrithapala (Janakia arayalpathra), Aatuchamba (Syzygium occidentalis), Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), Malabar slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus malabaricus), Brown palm civet (Paradoxurus jerdoni caniscus), Stripe-necked mongoose (Herpestes vitticollis), Western Ghats striped squirrel (Funambulus tristriatus), Travancore flying squirrel (Petinomys fuscocapillus), Southern tree pie (Dendrocitta leucogastra), Beddome's leaping frog (Indirana beddomii), Malabar tree toad (Pedostibes tuberculosus), Anil's bush frog (Raorchestes anili), Malabar danio (Devario malabaricus), Kanara swift (Caltoris canaraica), Malabar tree nymph (Idea malabarica), Red disk bush brown (Mycalesis oculus), Malabar rose (Pachliopta pandiyana), Malabar banded swallow tail (Papilio liomedon), palni fourring (Ypthima ypthimoides), etc;

AND WHEREAS, the Myristica swamps are one of the unique ecosystems found in Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries. These swamps are the only sites of occurrence of certain members of the ancient family Myristicaceae such as Myristica fatua (Kothappayin) and Myristica dactyloides (Pashupathi). These freshwater swamps play an important role in regulating the species diversity and abundance of both amphibians and reptiles. Also, the forests of Neyyar Sanctuary are the catchment areas of Neyyar River and forests of Peppara Sanctuary are the catchment areas of Karamana River;

AND WHEREAS, it is necessary to conserve and protect the area, the extent and boundaries of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary which are specified in paragraph 1 as Eco-Sensitive Zone from ecological, environmental and biodiversity point of view and to prohibit industries or class of industries and their operations and processes in the said Eco-Sensitive Zone;

NOW THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and clauses (v) and (xiv) of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) (hereafter in this notification referred to as the Environment Act) read with sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby notifies an Eco-Sensitive Zone around the boundary of Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries of Kerala (herein after referred to as the Eco-sensitive Zone) details of which are as under, namely: -

1. Extent and boundaries of Eco-Sensitive Zone. – (1) The Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be of 52.036 sq. km with an extent of 0 (zero) to 2.72 kilometer with a mean distance of 1.3 km from the boundaries of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries. The Extent of Eco-Sensitive Zone in different directions is given below: -
+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Direction   | Extent of Eco-Sensitive Zone (km) |
+-------------+---------------------------------+
| North       | 1                               |
| North-East  | 0                               |
| East        | 0                               |
| South-East  | 0                               |
| South       | 0                               |
| South-West  | 1.23                            |
| West        | 2.72                            |
| North-West  | 1.05                            |
+-------------+---------------------------------+

Justification for zero ESZ:
*   The north-east, east, south, and south-east boundaries of the sanctuaries are contiguous with the interstate boundary of Tamil Nadu, adjoining the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve and the Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary.
*   Densely populated villages present outside the southern boundary of Neyyar-Peppara wildlife sanctuaries are excluded from Eco-Sensitive Zone area.

(2) The boundary description of Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and its Eco-Sensitive Zone is appended as Table A, Table B and Table C of Annexure-I.
(3) The maps of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries demarcating Eco-Sensitive Zone along with boundary details and latitudes and longitudes are appended as Annexure-IIA, Annexure-IIB, and Annexure-IIC.
(4) Lists of geo co-ordinates of the boundary of Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Eco-Sensitive Zone are given in Table A, Table B and Table C of Annexure-III.
(5) The list of villages falling in the Eco-Sensitive Zone along with their geo co-ordinates at prominent points is appended as Table A and Table B of Annexure-IV.

2. Zonal Master Plan for Eco-Sensitive Zone. -
(1) The State Government shall, for the purposes of the Eco-Sensitive Zone, prepare a Zonal Master Plan within two years from the date of publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, in consultation with local people and in conformity to the provisions of this notification.
(2) The Zonal Master Plan for the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be prepared by the State Government in accordance with the provisions of this notification and in consonance with the relevant Central and State laws and the guidelines issued by the Central Government, if any.
(3) The Zonal Master Plan shall be prepared in consultation with the following Departments of the State Government, for integrating the ecological and environmental considerations into the said plan: -
i. Environment;
ii. Forest and Wildlife;
iii. Urban Development;
iv. Tourism;
v. Municipality;
vi. Revenue;
vii. Kerala State Pollution Control Board;
viii. Panchayati Raj;
ix. Agriculture;
x. Public Works Department.
(4) The Zonal Master Plan shall not impose any restriction on the approved existing land use, infrastructure, and activities, unless so specified in this notification and the Zonal Master Plan shall factor in improvement of all infrastructure and activities to be more efficient and eco-friendly.
(5) The Zonal Master Plan shall provide for restoration of denuded areas, conservation of existing water bodies, management of catchment areas, watershed management, groundwater management, soil and moisture conservation, needs of local community and such other aspects of the ecology and environment that need attention.
(6) The Zonal Master Plan shall demarcate all the existing worshipping places, villages and urban settlements, types and kinds of forests, agricultural areas, green area, such as, parks and it's like places, horticultural areas, orchards, lakes and other water bodies with supporting maps giving details of existing and proposed land use features.
(7) The Zonal Master Plan shall regulate development in Eco-Sensitive Zone and adhere to prohibited and regulated activities listed in the Table in paragraph 4 and ensure and promote eco-friendly development for security of local community's livelihood.
(8) The Zonal Master Plan shall be co-terminus with the Regional Development Plan.
(9) The Zonal Master Plan so approved shall be the reference document for the Monitoring Committee for carrying out its functions of monitoring in accordance with the provisions of this notification.

3. Measures to be taken by the State Government. – The State Government shall take the following measures for giving effect to the provisions of this notification, namely:
(1) Land use. – (a) Forests, horticulture areas, agricultural areas, parks and open spaces earmarked for recreational purposes in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall not be used or converted into areas for major commercial or major residential complex or industrial activities.

Provided that the conversion of agricultural and other lands, for the purpose other than that specified at part (a), within the Eco-Sensitive Zone may be permitted on the recommendation of the Monitoring Committee, and with the prior approval of the competent authority in the State Government and other rules and regulations of Central/State Government as applicable and vide provisions of this notification, to meet the residential needs of the local residents such as:
i. Widening and strengthening of existing roads and construction of new roads;
ii. Construction and renovation of infrastructure and civic amenities;
iii. Small scale industries not causing pollution;
iv. Cottage industries including village industries; convenience stores and local amenities supporting eco-tourism including home stay; and
v. Promoted activities and given under paragraph 4.

Provided further that no use of tribal land shall be permitted for commercial and industrial development activities without the prior approval of the competent authority in the State Government and other rules and regulations of State Government and without compliance of the provisions of article 244 of the Constitution or the law for the time being in force, including the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007);

Provided also that any error appearing in the land records within the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be corrected by the State Government, after obtaining the views of Monitoring Committee, once in each case and the correction of said error shall be intimated to the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change:

Provided also that the above correction of error shall not include change of land use in any case except as provided under this sub-paragraph.

b. Efforts shall be made to reforest the unused or unproductive agricultural areas with afforestation and habitat restoration activities.

(2) Natural water bodies. – The catchment areas of all natural springs/river/channel shall be identified and plans for their conservation and rejuvenation shall be incorporated in the Zonal Master Plan.

(3) Tourism or eco-tourism. – (a) All new eco-tourism activities or expansion of existing tourism activities within the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be as per the Tourism Master Plan for the Eco-Sensitive Zone;
a. the Tourism Master Plan shall be prepared by the Department of Tourism in consultation with the Department of Revenue and Forests, Government of Kerala;
b. the Tourism Master Plan shall form a component of the Zonal Master Plan;
c. the Tourism Master Plan shall be drawn based on the study of carrying capacity of the Eco-Sensitive Zone;
d. the activities of eco-tourism shall be regulated as under, namely: -
i. No new construction of hotels and resorts shall be allowed within 1 km from the boundary of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries or up to the extent of the Eco-Sensitive Zone whichever is nearer:

Provided that beyond the distance of the 1 km from the boundaries of the protected areas till the extent of the Eco-Sensitive Zone, the establishment of new hotels and resorts for eco-friendly tourism activities shall be allowed only in predefined and designated areas for eco-tourism facilities as per Tourism Master Plan;

ii. All new tourism activities or expansion of existing tourism activities within the ESZ shall be in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the eco-tourism guideline issued by National Tiger Conservation Authorities (as amended from time to time) with emphasis on eco-tourism, eco-education and eco-development based on the carrying capacity study of the ESZ;
iii. until the Zonal Master Plan is prepared and approved, development for tourism and expansion of existing tourism activities shall be permitted by the regulatory authorities concerned based on the actual site-specific scrutiny and recommendation of the Monitoring Committee.

(4) Natural heritage. – All sites of valuable natural heritage in the Eco-Sensitive Zone, such as the gene pool reserve areas, rock formations, waterfalls, springs, gorges, groves, caves, points, walks, rides, cliffs, etc. shall be identified and a heritage conservation plan shall be drawn up for their preservation and conservation as a part of the Zonal Master Plan.

(5) Man-made heritage sites. – Buildings, structures, artefacts, areas and precincts of historical, architectural, aesthetic, and cultural significance shall be identified in the Eco-Sensitive Zone and heritage conservation plan for their conservation shall be prepared as part of the Zonal Master Plan.

(6) Noise pollution. – Prevention and control of noise pollution in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be complied in accordance with the provisions of the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended from time to time.

(7) Air pollution. – Prevention and control of air pollution in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be complied in accordance with the provisions of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981) and as amended from time to time.

(8) Discharge of effluents. – Discharge of treated effluents in Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be in accordance with the provisions of the General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants covered under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (as amended from time to time) and rules made there under or standards stipulated by State Government whichever is more stringent.

(9) Solid wastes. – Disposal and Management of solid wastes shall be as under-
a. the solid waste disposal and management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out in accordance with the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number S.O. 1357(E), dated the 8th April, 2016 and as amended from time to time; the inorganic material may be disposed in an environmental acceptable manner at site identified outside the Eco-Sensitive Zone;
b. No burning or incineration of solid wastes and establishment of landfills shall be permitted in the Eco-Sensitive Zone.

(10) Bio-medical waste. – Bio medical waste management shall be as under:
a. The bio-medical waste disposal in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out in accordance with the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide Notification number GSR 343(E), dated the 28th March, 2016; as amended from time to time.
b. No common treatment facility or incineration shall be permitted within the Eco-Sensitive Zone.

(11) Plastic waste management. – The Plastic Waste Management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number G.S.R. 340(E), dated the 18th March, 2016, as amended from time to time.
(12) Construction and demolition waste management. – The Construction and Demolition Waste Management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number G.S.R 317(E), dated the 29th March, 2016 as amended from time to time.
(13) E-waste. – The E-Waste Management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the E-Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change and as amended from time to time.
(14) Vehicular traffic. – The vehicular movement of traffic shall be regulated in a habitat friendly manner and specific provisions in this regard shall be incorporated in the Zonal Master Plan and till such time as the Zonal Master plan is prepared and approved by the competent authority in the State Government, the Monitoring Committee shall monitor compliance of vehicular movement under the relevant Acts and the rules and regulations made thereunder.
(15) Vehicular pollution. – Prevention and control of Vehicular Pollution shall be complied with in accordance with applicable laws. Efforts to be made for use of cleaner fuel such as CNG, LPG, etc.
(16) Industrial units. -
a. On or after the publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, no new polluting industries shall be allowed to be set up within the ESZ,
b. Only non-polluting industries shall be allowed within the Eco-Sensitive Zone as per classification of Industries in the Guidelines issued by Central Pollution Control Board in January 2025, as amended from time to time, unless so specified in this notification. In addition, non-polluting cottage industries shall be promoted.
(17) Protection of hill slopes. – The protection of hill slopes shall be as under:
a. The Zonal Master Plan shall indicate areas on hill slopes where no construction shall be permitted.
b. Construction on existing steep hill slopes or slopes with a high degree of erosion shall not be permitted.

4. List of activities prohibited or to be regulated within Eco-sensitive Zone.- All activities in the Eco-Sensitive Zone of Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries shall be governed by the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972), Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927), Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (69 of 1980) and other applicable laws including the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), 2011, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, and amendments made thereto and other Acts prevalent in the State. The forest area coming under the Eco-Sensitive Zone will remain to be governed under existing forest laws and amendments made thereto. Subject to the provisions of this paragraph, the activities in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be regulated in manner specified in the Table below, namely: -

Table
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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| **Total pages:** | **44** |
| **Document:** | **The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, PART III—Section 4** |
| **Type:** | **Notification** |
| **Subject:** | **Declaring Eco-Sensitive Zone around Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries in Kerala** |

**Initial Title/Masthead:**

REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99
The Gazette of India
CG-DL-E-29072026-274903
EXTRAORDINARY
PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii)
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
No. 3882]
NEW DELHI, THURSDAY, JULY 23, 2026/SHRAVAN 1, 1948
5621 GI/2026 (1)

**Main English Body Text:**

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 23rd July, 2026

S.O. 4052(E).—The following draft notification, which the Central Government proposes to issue in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), read with clause (v) and clause (xiv) of sub-section (2) and subsection (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) is hereby published, as required under sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, for the information of the public likely to be affected thereby; and notice is hereby given that the said draft notification shall be taken into consideration on or after the expiry of a period of sixty days from the date on which copies of the Gazette containing this notification are made available to the public;

Any person interested in making any objections or suggestions on the proposals contained in the draft notification may forward the same in writing, for consideration of the Central Government within the period so specified to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jorbagh Road, Aliganj, New Delhi-110 003, or send it to the e-mail address of the Ministry at [email protected]

DRAFT NOTIFICATION
WHEREAS, the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries are the southern most Protected Areas in the State of Kerala. It forms a part of core area of the Agasthayamalai Biosphere Reserve and Periyar Elephant Reserve in the Western Ghats. These two wildlife sanctuaries have rich biodiversity and are named after the two rivers, viz. Neyyar and Peppara respectively. The Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary falls in Klamala extension, Kottur extension and Nettukaltherikunnu Reserve Forests. The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary falls in Kottur & Palode Reserve Forests. The wildlife sanctuaries are administrative control of the Thiruvananthapuram Wildlife Division.

AND WHEREAS, the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary is spread over south-east corner of the Western Ghats covering an area of 128 km². It is situated between 8°17′ and 8°53′N Latitude and 76°40′ and 77°17'E Longitude in Neyyatinkara Taluka of Thiruvananthapuram district;

AND WHEREAS, the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is spread over an area of 53 km² and falls in Kottur & Palode Reserve Forests. It is situated between 80° 34' and 80° 41'N Latitude and 77° 6' and 77°14'E Longitude in Nedumangad Taluka of Thiruvananthapuram district;

AND WHEREAS, the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary was notified vide GO (MS) 871/58 AD dated 06.01.1958 and the boundaries of the same was re-notified vide GO (P)NO.2305/F2/71 AD dated 18.03.1971 adding the Neyyar Reservoir into the wildlife sanctuary. The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary was notified vide GO(P) No. 379/83 AD dated 21.12.1981;

AND WHEREAS, the protected areas harbours almost all the major mammals of peninsular India. The topography and the climate of the sanctuary enable the occurrence of varied micro and macro habitats to shelter its variety of animals. The faunal diversity includes mammals (43 species), birds (233 species), reptiles (46 species), amphibians (13 species) fishes (27 species) and a wide variety of butterflies;

AND WHEREAS, the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries are treasure houses of plant diversity with about 1000 species of flowering plants belonging to more than 132 families, which represents nearly 22% of the total flowering plants estimated from Kerala. The vegetation mainly comprises of Evergreen and Moist Deciduous Forest which includes a variety of medicinal plants and tree species such as Abrus precatorius, Adhatoda zeylanica Medic., Alngium salvifolium, Aloe vera, Alphonsea zeylanica, Asparagus racemosus, Bombax ceiba, Caesalpinia mimosoides, Calamus brandisii, Calophyllum apetalum, Canarium strictum Roxb, Cassia fistula, Cinnamomum travancorium Gamble, Curcuma pseudomontana Graham, Cyathea gigantean, Dalbergia latifolia, Helicteres isora, Murraya koenigii, Myristica dactyloides Gaertn, Piper longum, Syzygium travancoricum Gamble, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia paniculata, Trichopus zeylanicus, Waltheria indica, Wrightia tinctoria, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important mammals of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Panthera tigris, Panthera pardus, Cuon alpines, Bos gaurus, Elephas maximus, Muntiacus muntjak, Lepus nigricollis, Macaca radiata, Herpestes fuscus, Rattus norvegicus, Pteropus giganteus, Manis crassicaudata, Hystrix indica, Sus scrofa, Felis chaus, Macacca silenus, Ratufa indica, Moschola meminna, Nilgiritragus hylocrius, Trachypithecus johnii, Martes gwatkinsii, Cervus unicolor, Melursus ursinus, Viverricula indica, Petinomys fuscocapillus, Lutrogale perspicillata, Funambulus palmarum, Paradoxurus hermaphrodites etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important birds of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Perdicula asiatica, Perdicula argoondah, Perdicula erythrorhyncha, Galloperdix spadioea, Gallus sonneratii, Picumnus innominatus, Dendrocopos nanus, Dendrocopos mahrattensis, Micropternus brachyurus, Dryocopus javensis, Picus chlorolophus, Picus xanthopygaeus, Dinopium javanense, Dinopium benghalense, Chrysocolaptes lucidus, Hemicircus canente, Ceyx erithacus, Megalaima viridis, Megalaima rubricapilla, Megalaima haemacephala, Ocyceros griseus, Buceros bicornis, Upupa epops, Harpactes fasciatus, Alcedo meninting, Coracias benghalensis, Alcedo atthis, Pelargopsis capensis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Ceryle rudis, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important reptile species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Ahaetulla nasuta, Calotes versicolor, Chamaeleo zeylanicus, Draco dussumieri, Hypnale hypnale, Naja naja, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important amphibian species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Duttaphrynus beddomii, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Duttaphrynus parietalis, Pedostibes tuberculosus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Fejervarya keralensis, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Fejervarya sp, Micrixalus fuscus, Micrixalus sp, Ramanella sp, Nyctibatrachus aliciae, Nyctibatrachus beddomii, Nyctibatrachus major, Nyctibatrachus minor, Nyctibatrachus pillai, Nyctibatrachus vasanthi, Cinotarsus curtipes, Hylarana aurantiaca, Hylarana temporalis, Indirana beddomii, Indirana diplosticta, Indirana sp, Polypedates pseudocruciger, Polypedates sp, Pseudophilautus kani, Raorchestes akroparallagi, Raorchestes anili, Raorchestes beddomii, Raorchestes bobingeri, Raorchestes chotta, Raorchestes ponmudi, Raorchestes chalazodes, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important fish species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Anguilla bengalensis, Aplocheilus lineatus, Barilius bakeri, Clarias dussumieri, Cyprinus carpio, Devario aequipinnatus, Devario malabaricus, Etroplus maculatus, Garra hughi, Garra mcclellandi, Garra mullya, Heteropneustes fossilis, Horabagrus brachysoma, Mastacembelus armatus, Mystus malabaricus, Nemacheilus guentheri, Nemacheilus triangularis, Ompok bimaculatus, Ompok malabaricus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Pristolepis marginata, Puntius dorsalis, Puntius fasciatus, Puntius filamentosus, Puntius sarana, Puntius ticto, Rasbora daniconius, Tor Khudree, etc;

AND WHEREAS, some of the important butterfly species of Neyyar - Peppara Sanctuaries includes Abisara echerius, Acraea violae, Actolepis lilacea, Actolepis puspa, Aeromachus dubius, Aeromachus pygmaeus, Amathusia phidippus, Amblypodia anita, Ampittia dioscorides, Anaphaeis aurota, Anthene lycaenina, Appias indra, Appias Lalage, Appias lyncida, Arhopala amantes, Arhopala pseudocentaurus, Ariadne Ariadne, Ariadne merione, Arnetta mercara, Arohopala abseus, Athyma nefte, Athyma perius, Athyma ranga, Athyma selenophora, Badamia exclamationis, Baoris farri, Baracus vittatus, Bibasis sena, Bindahara phocides, Borbo bevani, Borbo cinnara, Burara gomata, Burara jaina, Caleta caleta, Caltoris canaraica, Caltoris kumara, Caprona agama, Castalius rosimon, Catapaecilma major, Catochrysops Strabo, Catopsilia pomona, Catopsilia pyranthe, Celaenorrhinus leucocera, Celaenorrhinus ruficornis, Cephrenes chrysozona, etc;

AND WHEREAS, the rare, endangered and threatened (RET) of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries are Cheriyadalodakam (Adhatoda beddomei), Akil (Aglaia malabarica Sasidh.), Kantha-kamugu (Bentinckia condapanna), Maramanjal (Coscinium fenestratum), Vellakil (Dysoxylum malabaricum), Kattukudambulli (Garcinia gummi-gutta), agnisikha (Gloriosa superba), Amrithapala (Janakia arayalpathra), Chorapyyin (Knema attenuata), Kattujathi (Myristica malabarica), Kulamavu (Persea macrantha), Thippali (Piper longum L.), Ellukooti (Pterospermum reticulatum), Vathamkollimaram (Syzygium travancoricum), Neermaruthu (Terminalia arjuna), Vellapayin (Vateria indica), Gaur (Bos gaurus) Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Black naped hare (Lepus nigricollis), Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata), Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Toddy cat (Paradoxurus hemaphrodites), Malabar giant squirrel (Ratufa indica), Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii), Jungle myna (Acridotheres fuscus), Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Larger golden backed woodpecker (Chrysocolaptes lucidus), White-bellied treepie (Dendrocitta leucogastra), Black drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis), Grey jungle fowl (Gallus sonneratii), Rufous woodpecker (Micropternus brachyurus), Malabar whistling thrush (Myiophonus horsfieldii), Black headed oriole (Oriolus xanthornus), Ashy prinia (Prinia socialis), Red whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), Indian garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), South Indian flying lizard (Draco dussumieri), Spectacled cobra (Naja naja), Beddome's toad (Duttaphrynus beddomii), Malabar tree toad (Pedostibes tuberculosus), Anil's bush frog (Raorchestes anili), Malabar danio (Devario malabaricus), Yellow catfish (Horabagrus brachysoma), Malabar rose (Pachliopta pandiyana), Monkey puzzle (Rathinda amor), Southern birdwing (Troides minos), etc;

AND WHEREAS, major endemic species recorded from the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries includes Arogyapacha (Trichopus zeylanicus), Kattuchena (Amorphophallus commutatus), Anjili (Artocarpus hirsutus Lam.), Amrithapala (Janakia arayalpathra), Aatuchamba (Syzygium occidentalis), Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), Malabar slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus malabaricus), Brown palm civet (Paradoxurus jerdoni caniscus), Stripe-necked mongoose (Herpestes vitticollis), Western Ghats striped squirrel (Funambulus tristriatus), Travancore flying squirrel (Petinomys fuscocapillus), Southern tree pie (Dendrocitta leucogastra), Beddome's leaping frog (Indirana beddomii), Malabar tree toad (Pedostibes tuberculosus), Anil's bush frog (Raorchestes anili), Malabar danio (Devario malabaricus), Kanara swift (Caltoris canaraica), Malabar tree nymph (Idea malabarica), Red disk bush brown (Mycalesis oculus), Malabar rose (Pachliopta pandiyana), Malabar banded swallow tail (Papilio liomedon), palni fourring (Ypthima ypthimoides), etc;

AND WHEREAS, the Myristica swamps are one of the unique ecosystems found in Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries. These swamps are the only sites of occurrence of certain members of the ancient family Myristicaceae such as Myristica fatua (Kothappayin) and Myristica dactyloides (Pashupathi). These freshwater swamps play an important role in regulating the species diversity and abundance of both amphibians and reptiles. Also, the forests of Neyyar Sanctuary are the catchment areas of Neyyar River and forests of Peppara Sanctuary are the catchment areas of Karamana River;

AND WHEREAS, it is necessary to conserve and protect the area, the extent and boundaries of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary which are specified in paragraph 1 as Eco-Sensitive Zone from ecological, environmental and biodiversity point of view and to prohibit industries or class of industries and their operations and processes in the said Eco-Sensitive Zone;

NOW THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and clauses (v) and (xiv) of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) (hereafter in this notification referred to as the Environment Act) read with sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby notifies an Eco-Sensitive Zone around the boundary of Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries of Kerala (herein after referred to as the Eco-sensitive Zone) details of which are as under, namely: -

1. Extent and boundaries of Eco-Sensitive Zone. – (1) The Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be of 52.036 sq. km with an extent of 0 (zero) to 2.72 kilometer with a mean distance of 1.3 km from the boundaries of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries. The Extent of Eco-Sensitive Zone in different directions is given below: -
+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Direction   | Extent of Eco-Sensitive Zone (km) |
+-------------+---------------------------------+
| North       | 1                               |
| North-East  | 0                               |
| East        | 0                               |
| South-East  | 0                               |
| South       | 0                               |
| South-West  | 1.23                            |
| West        | 2.72                            |
| North-West  | 1.05                            |
+-------------+---------------------------------+

Justification for zero ESZ:
*   The north-east, east, south, and south-east boundaries of the sanctuaries are contiguous with the interstate boundary of Tamil Nadu, adjoining the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve and the Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary.
*   Densely populated villages present outside the southern boundary of Neyyar-Peppara wildlife sanctuaries are excluded from Eco-Sensitive Zone area.
(2) The boundary description of Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and its Eco-Sensitive Zone is appended as Table A, Table B and Table C of Annexure-I.
(3) The maps of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries demarcating Eco-Sensitive Zone along with boundary details and latitudes and longitudes are appended as Annexure-IIA, Annexure-IIB, and Annexure-IIC.
(4) Lists of geo co-ordinates of the boundary of Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Eco-Sensitive Zone are given in Table A, Table B and Table C of Annexure-III.
(5) The list of villages falling in the Eco-Sensitive Zone along with their geo co-ordinates at prominent points is appended as Table A and Table B of Annexure-IV.

2. Zonal Master Plan for Eco-Sensitive Zone. -
(1) The State Government shall, for the purposes of the Eco-Sensitive Zone, prepare a Zonal Master Plan within two years from the date of publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, in consultation with local people and in conformity to the provisions of this notification.
(2) The Zonal Master Plan for the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be prepared by the State Government in accordance with the provisions of this notification and in consonance with the relevant Central and State laws and the guidelines issued by the Central Government, if any.
(3) The Zonal Master Plan shall be prepared in consultation with the following Departments of the State Government, for integrating the ecological and environmental considerations into the said plan: -
i. Environment;
ii. Forest and Wildlife;
iii. Urban Development;
iv. Tourism;
v. Municipality;
vi. Revenue;
vii. Kerala State Pollution Control Board;
viii. Panchayati Raj;
ix. Agriculture;
x. Public Works Department.
(4) The Zonal Master Plan shall not impose any restriction on the approved existing land use, infrastructure, and activities, unless so specified in this notification and the Zonal Master Plan shall factor in improvement of all infrastructure and activities to be more efficient and eco-friendly.
(5) The Zonal Master Plan shall provide for restoration of denuded areas, conservation of existing water bodies, management of catchment areas, watershed management, groundwater management, soil and moisture conservation, needs of local community and such other aspects of the ecology and environment that need attention.
(6) The Zonal Master Plan shall demarcate all the existing worshipping places, villages and urban settlements, types and kinds of forests, agricultural areas, green area, such as, parks and it's like places, horticultural areas, orchards, lakes and other water bodies with supporting maps giving details of existing and proposed land use features.
(7) The Zonal Master Plan shall regulate development in Eco-Sensitive Zone and adhere to prohibited and regulated activities listed in the Table in paragraph 4 and ensure and promote eco-friendly development for security of local community's livelihood.
(8) The Zonal Master Plan shall be co-terminus with the Regional Development Plan.
(9) The Zonal Master Plan so approved shall be the reference document for the Monitoring Committee for carrying out its functions of monitoring in accordance with the provisions of this notification.

3. Measures to be taken by the State Government. – The State Government shall take the following measures for giving effect to the provisions of this notification, namely:
(1) Land use. – (a) Forests, horticulture areas, agricultural areas, parks and open spaces earmarked for recreational purposes in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall not be used or converted into areas for major commercial or major residential complex or industrial activities.

Provided that the conversion of agricultural and other lands, for the purpose other than that specified at part (a), within the Eco-Sensitive Zone may be permitted on the recommendation of the Monitoring Committee, and with the prior approval of the competent authority in the State Government and other rules and regulations of Central/State Government as applicable and vide provisions of this notification, to meet the residential needs of the local residents such as:
i. Widening and strengthening of existing roads and construction of new roads;
ii. Construction and renovation of infrastructure and civic amenities;
iii. Small scale industries not causing pollution;
iv. Cottage industries including village industries; convenience stores and local amenities supporting eco-tourism including home stay; and
v. Promoted activities and given under paragraph 4.

Provided further that no use of tribal land shall be permitted for commercial and industrial development activities without the prior approval of the competent authority in the State Government and other rules and regulations of State Government and without compliance of the provisions of article 244 of the Constitution or the law for the time being in force, including the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007);

Provided also that any error appearing in the land records within the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be corrected by the State Government, after obtaining the views of Monitoring Committee, once in each case and the correction of said error shall be intimated to the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change:

Provided also that the above correction of error shall not include change of land use in any case except as provided under this sub-paragraph.

b. Efforts shall be made to reforest the unused or unproductive agricultural areas with afforestation and habitat restoration activities.

(2) Natural water bodies. – The catchment areas of all natural springs/river/channel shall be identified and plans for their conservation and rejuvenation shall be incorporated in the Zonal Master Plan.

(3) Tourism or eco-tourism. – (a) All new eco-tourism activities or expansion of existing tourism activities within the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be as per the Tourism Master Plan for the Eco-Sensitive Zone;
a. the Tourism Master Plan shall be prepared by the Department of Tourism in consultation with the Department of Revenue and Forests, Government of Kerala;
b. the Tourism Master Plan shall form a component of the Zonal Master Plan;
c. the Tourism Master Plan shall be drawn based on the study of carrying capacity of the Eco-Sensitive Zone;
d. the activities of eco-tourism shall be regulated as under, namely: -
i. No new construction of hotels and resorts shall be allowed within 1 km from the boundary of the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries or up to the extent of the Eco-Sensitive Zone whichever is nearer:

Provided that beyond the distance of the 1 km from the boundaries of the protected areas till the extent of the Eco-Sensitive Zone, the establishment of new hotels and resorts for eco-friendly tourism activities shall be allowed only in predefined and designated areas for eco-tourism facilities as per Tourism Master Plan;

ii. All new tourism activities or expansion of existing tourism activities within the ESZ shall be in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the eco-tourism guideline issued by National Tiger Conservation Authorities (as amended from time to time) with emphasis on eco-tourism, eco-education and eco-development based on the carrying capacity study of the ESZ;
iii. until the Zonal Master Plan is prepared and approved, development for tourism and expansion of existing tourism activities shall be permitted by the regulatory authorities concerned based on the actual site-specific scrutiny and recommendation of the Monitoring Committee.

(4) Natural heritage. – All sites of valuable natural heritage in the Eco-Sensitive Zone, such as the gene pool reserve areas, rock formations, waterfalls, springs, gorges, groves, caves, points, walks, rides, cliffs, etc. shall be identified and a heritage conservation plan shall be drawn up for their preservation and conservation as a part of the Zonal Master Plan.

(5) Man-made heritage sites. – Buildings, structures, artefacts, areas and precincts of historical, architectural, aesthetic, and cultural significance shall be identified in the Eco-Sensitive Zone and heritage conservation plan for their conservation shall be prepared as part of the Zonal Master Plan.

(6) Noise pollution. – Prevention and control of noise pollution in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be complied in accordance with the provisions of the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended from time to time.

(7) Air pollution. – Prevention and control of air pollution in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be complied in accordance with the provisions of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981) and as amended from time to time.

(8) Discharge of effluents. – Discharge of treated effluents in Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be in accordance with the provisions of the General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants covered under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (as amended from time to time) and rules made there under or standards stipulated by State Government whichever is more stringent.

(9) Solid wastes. – Disposal and Management of solid wastes shall be as under-
a. the solid waste disposal and management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out in accordance with the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number S.O. 1357(E), dated the 8th April, 2016 and as amended from time to time; the inorganic material may be disposed in an environmental acceptable manner at site identified outside the Eco-Sensitive Zone;
b. No burning or incineration of solid wastes and establishment of landfills shall be permitted in the Eco-Sensitive Zone.

(10) Bio-medical waste. – Bio medical waste management shall be as under:
a. The bio-medical waste disposal in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out in accordance with the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide Notification number GSR 343(E), dated the 28th March, 2016; as amended from time to time.
b. No common treatment facility or incineration shall be permitted within the Eco-Sensitive Zone.

(11) Plastic waste management. – The Plastic Waste Management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number G.S.R. 340(E), dated the 18th March, 2016, as amended from time to time.
(12) Construction and demolition waste management. – The Construction and Demolition Waste Management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change vide notification number G.S.R 317(E), dated the 29th March, 2016 as amended from time to time.
(13) E-waste. – The E-Waste Management in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be carried out as per the provisions of the E-Waste Management Rules, 2016 published by the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change and as amended from time to time.
(14) Vehicular traffic. – The vehicular movement of traffic shall be regulated in a habitat friendly manner and specific provisions in this regard shall be incorporated in the Zonal Master Plan and till such time as the Zonal Master plan is prepared and approved by the competent authority in the State Government, the Monitoring Committee shall monitor compliance of vehicular movement under the relevant Acts and the rules and regulations made thereunder.
(15) Vehicular pollution. – Prevention and control of Vehicular Pollution shall be complied with in accordance with applicable laws. Efforts to be made for use of cleaner fuel such as CNG, LPG, etc.
(16) Industrial units. -
a. On or after the publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, no new polluting industries shall be allowed to be set up within the ESZ,
b. Only non-polluting industries shall be allowed within the Eco-Sensitive Zone as per classification of Industries in the Guidelines issued by Central Pollution Control Board in January 2025, as amended from time to time, unless so specified in this notification. In addition, non-polluting cottage industries shall be promoted.
(17) Protection of hill slopes. – The protection of hill slopes shall be as under:
a. The Zonal Master Plan shall indicate areas on hill slopes where no construction shall be permitted.
b. Construction on existing steep hill slopes or slopes with a high degree of erosion shall not be permitted.

4. List of activities prohibited or to be regulated within Eco-sensitive Zone.- All activities in the Eco-Sensitive Zone of Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries shall be governed by the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972), Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927), Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (69 of 1980) and other applicable laws including the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), 2011, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, and amendments made thereto and other Acts prevalent in the State. The forest area coming under the Eco-Sensitive Zone will remain to be governed under existing forest laws and amendments made thereto. Subject to the provisions of this paragraph, the activities in the Eco-Sensitive Zone shall be regulated in manner specified in the Table below, namely: -

Table
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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| **Type:**       | **Notification** |
| **Gazette:**    | **The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, PART III—Section 4** |
| **Department:** | **Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change** |
| **Date:**       | **New Delhi, the 23rd July, 2026** |
| **Subject:**    | **Draft Notification for Eco-Sensitive Zone around Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries in Kerala.** |
| **Summary:**    | This document is a draft notification by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change proposing to declare an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around the Neyyar - Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries in Kerala. It outlines the boundaries and extent of the ESZ, provides justification for zero ESZ in certain areas, lists various activities that will be prohibited, regulated, or promoted within the ESZ, and details the constitution and terms of reference for a Monitoring Committee. The notification emphasizes the conservation and protection of biodiversity, ecological features, and the regulation of human activities to minimize negative impacts on the sanctuaries. It also includes several tables detailing the geo-coordinates of prominent locations along the boundaries of the sanctuaries and the ESZ, as well as lists of villages within the ESZ. |
| **Key Provisions:** | *   **ESZ Extent:** 52.036 sq. km, with an extent of 0 to 2.72 km from the boundaries, and a mean distance of 1.3 km.
|                   | *   **Zero ESZ Justification:** Areas contiguous with interstate boundaries and densely populated villages outside the southern boundary are excluded.
|                   | *   **Zonal Master Plan:** To be prepared by the State Government within two years, in consultation with various departments, integrating ecological and environmental considerations.
|                   | *   **Prohibited Activities:** Commercial mining, stone quarrying, polluting industries, major hydroelectric projects, use/production of hazardous substances, discharge of untreated effluents, large-scale commercial livestock/poultry farms, new wood-based industries, manufacturing/storage of explosive items, conversion of hills for commercial purpose, new saw mills, commercial use of firewood, brick kilns, encroachment of river banks, dumping of solid/plastic/chemical wastes, and tourism activities involving overflying (hot air balloon, helicopter, drones, microlites).
|                   | *   **Regulated Activities:** Commercial fishing (permitted for bona fide use of tribes), commercial establishments (hotels/resorts with specific distance restrictions), construction activities (restricted near sanctuary boundaries, permitted for local residents' needs), small-scale non-polluting industries, felling of trees (with prior permission and regulation), collection of forest produce (regulated), erection of electrical/communication towers (underground cabling promoted), infrastructure including civic amenities, widening/strengthening of roads, protection of hill slopes/river banks, vehicular traffic at night, ongoing agriculture/horticulture practices, commercial extraction of surface/groundwater, open/bore wells, solid waste management, use of polythene bags, introduction of exotic species, eco-tourism, and commercial signboards/hoardings.
|                   | *   **Promoted Activities:** Rainwater harvesting, organic farming, adoption of green technology, non-polluting cottage industries, use of renewable energy/fuels (bio-gas, solar light), agro-forestry, horticulture/herbal plantations, eco-friendly transport, skill development, restoration of degraded land/forests/habitat, and environmental awareness.
|                   | *   **Monitoring

                

                
                
                
            

            
        


        
        

        
        
        

            

                

                    
                        
                    
                

                

                    
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