Civil Services Examination Rules, 2025

REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99 The Gazette of India EXTRAORDINARY PART I—Section 1 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY CG-DL-E-22012025-260379 No. 21] NEW DELHI, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 22, 2025/MAGHA 2, 1946 MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS (Department of Personnel and Training) NOTIFICATION New Delhi, the 22nd January, 2025 CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION RULES-2025 F. No. 13018/03/2024-AIS-I.— INDEX +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Sl. | Particulars | | No. | | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | (1) | Participating Services | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | (2) | Rules | | | | | 1 | General Information | | 2 | Vacancies and Reservation | | 3 | Number of Attempts | | 4 | Nationality | | 5 | Age | | 6 | Educational Qualification | | 7 | Fees | | 8 | Undertaking by Government Servants/PSU Employees | | 9 | Fulfilling Eligibility Conditions | | 10 | Admission Certificate | | 11 | Withdrawal of Application | | 12 | Restrictions in Application | | 13-14 | Registration and Online Application Form | | 15-16 | Minimum Qualification Marks, Medium of Language | | 17 | Minimum Qualification Marks for Persons with Benchmark Disability | | 18 | Medical Examination | | 19 | Disqualification, Debarment, Disciplinary Action, Criminal Prosecution | | 20-21 | Declaration of Results, Allocation to Service and Cadre for IAS/IPS | | 22 | Communication of the Results of the Examination | | 23-24 | Suitability for Appointment | | 25 | Reservation against Vacancies for PwBD | | 26 | Change of Category | | 27-29 | Eligibility for Availing Reservation | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | (3) | Appendices | | | | | I | Plan, Scheme, Syllabi of Examination | | II | Brief Particulars Related to Participating Services | | III | Regulations Relating to the Medical Examination of the Candidates | | IV | Services Identified Suitable for Persons with Benchmark Disability along with the | | | details of | | | Suitable Category of Benchmark Disabilities and Functional Requirements | | V & | Certificate regarding physical limitation in an examinee to write | | VII | | | VI & | Letter of Undertaking for Using Own Scribe | | VIII | | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Note : The Index above is provided to facilitate reference for relevant information. Candidates are advised that they must go through the Rules and the Appendices following, together with the Annexures thereof, in their entirety for proper understanding. Participating Services: The Rules for Civil Services Examination (CSE)-2025 to be held by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for the purpose of filling vacancies in the following Services are, with the concurrence of the Ministries concerned and the Comptroller and Auditor General ofIndia in respect of the Indian Audit and Accounts Service, published for general information:- (i) Indian Administrative Service (ii) Indian Foreign Service (iii) Indian Police Service (iv) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’ (v) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’ (vi) Indian Corporate Law Service, Group ‘A’ (vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’ (viii) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group ‘A’ (ix) Indian Information Service, Group ‘A’ (x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’ (xi) Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service, Group ‘A’ (xii) Indian Railway Management Service (Accounts), Group ‘A’ (xiii) Indian Railway Management Service (Personnel), Group ‘A’ (xiv) Indian Railway Management Service (Traffic), Group ‘A’ (xv) Indian Railway Protection Force Service, Group ‘A’ (xvi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Indirect Taxes) Group ‘A’ (xvii) Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax) Group ‘A’ (xviii) Indian Trade Service, Group ‘A’ (Grade III) (xix) Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group ‘B’ (Section Officer’s Grade) (xx) Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service (DANICS), Group ‘B’ (xxi) Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Police Service (DANIPS), Group ‘B’ (xxii) Pondicherry Civil Service (PONDICS), Group ‘B’ (xxiii) Pondicherry Police Service (PONDIPS), Group ‘B’ General Information: 1. In these Rules, unless it has been specified or the context requires otherwise – the terms “Commission” or UPSC shall imply the Union Public Service Commission; the term “DoPT” shall imply the Department of Personnel and Training of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of India; the terms “Examination” or “CSE” shall imply the Civil Services Examination; the term “Main Examination” shall imply the Civil Services (Main) Examination; the term “Preliminary Examination” shall imply the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination; and the terms “Rules” or “CSE Rules” shall imply the Civil Services Examination Rules. All candidates (Male/Female/Transgender) must carefully read these Civil Services Examination-2025 Rules together with all the Appendices along with the Annexures thereof and the Examination Notice of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) derived from these Rules, in entirety for gaining awareness of the current Rules and Regulations as changes may have been incorporated since the previous Examination Rules. The CSE-2025 will be conducted by the Commission in the manner prescribed in Appendix- I to these Rules. The dates on which and the places at which the Preliminary Examination and Main Examination of CSE 2025 will be held, shall be fixed and notified by the Commission. Brief particulars relating to the Services/Posts to which recruitment is being made through CSE-2025 are given in Appendix-II for preliminary information of candidates. Vacancies and Reservation: 2. The tentative number of vacancies to be filled through the examination will be specified in the Examination Notice issued by the Commission. Reservation will be made for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Economically Weaker Sections as well as candidates belonging to persons with Benchmark Disability categories in respect of vacancies as may be fixed by the Government. Number of Attempts: 3. Every candidate appearing at the examination who is otherwise eligible, shall be permitted six (6) attempts at the CSE. However, relaxation in the number of attempts will be available to the SC/ST/OBC and PwBD category candidates who are otherwise eligible. The number of attempts available to such candidates as per relaxation is as under: +-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+ | Category to which the Candidate Belongs | +-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+ | | SC /ST | OBC | PwBD | +-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+ | Number of | Unlimited | 09 | 09 for | | attempts | | | GL/EWS/OBC | | | | | Unlimited | | | | | for SC/ST | +-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+ Note-I : The terms – GL for General, EWS for Economically Weaker Sections, SC for Scheduled Castes, ST for Scheduled Tribes, OBC for Other Backward Classes and PwBD for Persons with Benchmark Disability – are used for denoting the categories of candidates taking an attempt at the Examination. Note-II : An attempt at a Preliminary Examination shall be deemed to be an attempt at the Civil Services Examination. Note-III : If a candidate actually appears in any one paper in the Preliminary Examination, it will be deemed that the candidate has made an attempt at the Examination. Note-IV : Notwithstanding any subsequent disqualification/cancellation of candidature, the fact of appearance of the candidate at the Examination will count as an attempt. Nationality: 4.(1) For Indian Administrative Service, Indian Foreign Service and Indian Police Service, acandidate must be a citizen of India. (2) For other Services, a candidate must be either- (a) a citizen of India, or (b) a subject of Nepal, or (c) a subject of Bhutan, or (d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before the 1st of January, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India, or (e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia or Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India. Provided that a candidate belonging to any of the categories (b), (c), (d) or (e) shall be a person in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India; and that a candidate in whose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary may be admitted to the examination but the offer of appointment shall be given only after the necessary eligibility certificate has been issued to the candidate by the Government of India. Age: 5.(1) A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 32 years on the 1st of August, 2025 i.e., the candidate must have been born not earlier than 2nd August, 1993 and not later than 1st August, 2004. (2) The upper age-limit prescribed above will be relaxable: (a) up to a maximum of five years if a candidate belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe; (b) up to a maximum of three years in the case of candidates belonging to Other BackwardClasses who are eligible to avail of reservation applicable to such candidates; (c) up to a maximum of three years in the case of Defence Services Personnel, disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof; (d) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers and Emergency Commissioned Officers (ECOs)/Short Service Commissioned Officers (SSCOs) who have rendered at least five years Military Service as on 1st August, 2025 and have been released: (i) on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to becompleted within one year from 1st August, 2025, otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency); or (ii) on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service; or (iii) on invalidment. (e) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service as on 1st August, 2025 and whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they will be released on three months’ notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment. (f) up to a maximum of 10 years in the case of candidates belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) categories viz. (i) blindness and low vision; (ii) deaf and hard of hearing; (iii) locomotor disability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attack victims and muscular dystrophy; (iv) autism, intellectual disability, specific learning disability and mental illness; (v) multiple disabilities from amongst person under clauses (i) to (iv) including deaf- blindness. Note-I : Candidates belonging to either the SC or the ST or the OBC category who are also covered under any other clauses of Rule 5(2) above, viz. those coming under the category of Ex-servicemen or PwBD, will be eligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both categories. Note-II : The term Ex-servicemen will apply to the persons who are defined as Ex-servicemen in the Ex- servicemen (Re-employment in Civil Services and Posts) Rules, 1979, as amended from time to time. Note-III : The age concession under Rule 5(2)(d) and (e) will be admissible to Ex-servicemen i.e. a person who has served in any rank whether as combatant or non-combatant in the Regular Army, Navy and Air Force of the Indian Union and who either has been retired or relieved or discharged from such service whether at own request or being relieved by the employer after earning pension. Note-IV : Notwithstanding the provision of age-relaxation under Rule 5(2)(f) above, candidates of PwBD category will be considered to be eligible for appointment only if they (after such Medical Examination as the Government or appointing authority, as the case may be, may prescribe) are found to satisfy the requirements of physical and medical standards for the concerned Services to be allocated to the candidates of PwBD category by the Government. Note-V: Save as provided under Rule 5(2) above, the age-limits prescribed can in no case be relaxed. (3) The date of birth, accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculation or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognised by an Indian University as equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Register of Matriculates maintained by a University which extract must be certified by the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary examination certificate or an equivalent examination certificate. The certificate in support of the date of birth is required to be submitted by a candidate only at the time of applying for the Civil Services Examination. No other document relating to age like horoscopes, affidavits, birth extracts from Municipal Corporation, Service records and the like willbe accepted. Note-I : Candidate should note that only the date of birth as recorded in the Matriculation or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in an equivalent certificate as mentioned in Rule 5(3) above and issued prior to the date of submission of application will be accepted by theCommission, and no subsequent request for its change will be considered or granted. Note-II : Candidates should also note that once a date of birth has been submitted by them in the Registration and Online Application Form and entered in the records of the Commission for the purpose of admission to an Examination, no change will be allowed subsequently or at any other Examination of the Commission on any grounds whatsoever. Educational Qualification: 6. A candidate must hold a Graduate degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or possess an equivalent qualification. Note-I : Candidates who have appeared at a qualifying examination the passing of which wouldrender them educationally qualified for the Commission’s Examination but have not been informed of the result as also the candidates who intend to appear at such a qualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination. However, all such candidates, who are declared qualified by the Commission for Interview/Personality Test, will be required to produce proof of passing of the requisite qualifying examination within the time limit prescribed in Rule 13. Note-II: In exceptional cases, the Commission may treat a candidate who does not have any ofthe foregoing qualifications as a candidate, provided that the candidate has passed an examination conducted by any other institution the standard of which in the opinion of the Commission justifies the admission to the Civil Services Examination. Note-III: Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications which are recognised by Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the Civil Services Examination. Note-IV : Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S or any other equivalent professional examination leading to a medical degree or certificate but have not completed theirinternship by the time of submission of their applications for the Civil Services Examination, will be provisionally admitted to the Civil Services Examination, provided they submit along with their application a copy of certificate from the concerned authority of the University/Institution that they had passed the requisite final professional examination. In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce at the time of their Interview/Personality Test the original degree or a certificate from the concerned competent authority of the University/Institution that they had completed all requirements (including completion of internship) for the award of the Degree. Fees: 7. Candidates must pay the fees as prescribed in the Commission’s Notice. Undertaking by Government/PSU Employees: 8. (1) All candidates in Government service, whether in a permanent or temporary capacity or as work- charged employee (other than casual or daily rated employees) or those serving under Public Enterprises, will be required to submit an undertaking that they have informed in writing to their Head of Office/Department that they have applied for the Examination. Candidates should note that in case a communication withholding permission to the candidates applying for appearing at the Civil Services Examination is received from their employer by the Commission, their applications will be liable to be rejected and their candidature will be cancelled. (2) All candidates who are in service (Central / State Government / PSU) will be required to tender technical resignation / resignation from their existing service before joining the new service on the basis of CSE 2025. 9. The candidates applying for the Civil Services Examination should ensure that they fulfill all the eligibility conditions for admission to the Examination. Their admission at all the stages of Examination for which they are admitted by the Commission viz. Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, Civil Services (Main) Examination – either Written or the Interview/PersonalityTest – will be purely provisional, subject to their satisfying the prescribed eligibility conditions. If on verification at any time before or after the Preliminary Examination, Main Examination (Written) and Interview/Personality Test, it is found that they do not fulfill any of the eligibility conditions, their candidature for the Examination will be cancelled by the Commission. The decision of the Commission as to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission to the Examination shall be final. Admission Certificate: 10. No candidate will be admitted to the Preliminary/Main Examination unless he holds a valid certificate of admission for the Examination. Withdrawal of Application: 11. The candidates will not be allowed to withdraw their applications after the submission of the same. Restrictions in Application: 12.(1) A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) or the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) based on the results of an earlier Examination and continues to be a member of that Service will not be eligible to appear at the Civil Services Examination-2025. In case such a candidate is appointed to the IAS or IFS after the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination- 2025 is over and the candidate continues to be a member of that Service, the candidate shall not be eligible to appear in the Civil Services (Main) Examination-2025 notwithstanding having qualified in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination-2025. If such a candidate is appointed to the IAS or IFS after the commencement of the Civil Services (Main) Examination-2025 but before the result thereof is declared by the Commission and continues to be a member of that Service, the candidate shall not be considered for appointment to any Service/Post on the basis of the result of the CSE-2025. (2) A candidate who has been selected or appointed to the Indian Police Service on the basis of the results of the earlier examination shall not be eligible to opt for or allocated to Indian Police Service on the basis of the result of CSE-2025. Registration and Online Application Form : 13. (1) A candidate who is willing to apply for Civil Services Examination shall be required to apply on-line and submit the requisite information and supporting documents towards various claims, such as date of birth, category [viz. SC/ST/OBC/ EWS/PwBD/Ex-Servicemen], educational qualification and Service preference etc. as may be sought by the Commission alongwith the Online Application Form. For detailed instructions for filling up the form, the Notice for Civil Services Examination, 2025 may be referred. The failure to provide the required information/documents alongwith the Registration and Online Application Form will entail cancellation of candidature for the examination. (2) The Commission shall provide a window of 10 (Ten) days after the declaration of result of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination for taking Cadre preference from the qualified candidates. All the qualified candidates will mandatorily fill the Cadre preference along with the requisite fee as prescribed in Examination Notice for admission into Civil Services (Main) Examination. (3) The Commission shall also provide a window of 15 (Fifteen) days from the date of declaration of result of written part of Civil Services (Main) Examination to the candidates qualified for Personality Test/Interview. The candidates as per Note 1 below Rule 6 shall be required to update their details/educational qualification status (whether appearing/appeared) and to produce/upload the proof of passing of the requisite qualifying examination at the specified module/portal, failing which such candidates will not be allowed to appear in the Personality Test/Interview and his/her candidature will be liable to be cancelled. Note: In this period, all the candidates qualified for Personality Test shall also be provided an option to update Correspondence/Permanent Postal Address, Higher Educational Qualification, Achievement in different fields (if any), Employment Details/Service Experience, details of the Service allocated on the basis of earlier/previous Civil Services Examinations (if any) and Service and Cadre Preference for the current examination. The details updated in this window will be treated as final and no request for any change in these fields received through any other mode will be entertained. 14. (1) A candidate shall be required to mandatorily indicate order of preferences only for those Services which are participating in the Civil Services Examination-2025 and for which the candidate is interested to be allocated to in case of eventual selection. In case of recommendation of candidature by UPSC for Service Allocation, the candidate shall be considered by the Government for allocation to one of those Services for which the preference has been indicated by the candidate in the Online Application Form subject to fulfillment of other conditions. In case preference for none of the Services is indicated, the candidate will not be considered for Service Allocation. (2) A candidate who wishes to be considered for Indian Administrative Service or Indian Police Service shall be required to indicate, as and when asked for by the Commission, and in the manner prescribed by it, their cadre preference in case of appointment to the IAS or IPS. Note-I : The candidates are advised to indicate preferences for various services or posts very carefully. Attention is also invited to Rule 21 (1) in this connection. Note-II : The candidates are advised to periodically visit DoPT’s website https://dopt.gov.in or https://cseplus.nic.in for information or details about Service Allocation, Cadre allotment, etc. Note-III: As per the extant Cadre Allocation Policy applicable for the Civil Services Examination-2025, the candidates who wish to indicate IAS/IPS as their Service preference are advised to indicate, as and when asked for by the Commission, and in the manner prescribed by it, their cadre preference in case of appointment to the IAS or IPS. (3) No change in preference for Services and Cadre (applicable for IAS/IPS) once submitted by a candidate would be permitted except as provided in Rule 13 (3). Minimum Qualification Marks and Language Medium: 15.(1) Candidates who obtain such minimum qualifying marks in the General Studies Paper-I of Preliminary Examination as may be fixed by the Commission at their discretion and a minimum of 33% marks in General Studies Paper-II of Preliminary Examination shall be admitted to the Civil Services (Main) Examination. The candidates who obtain such minimum qualifying marks in the Main Examination (Written) as may be fixed by the Commission at their discretion shall be invited for Interview/Personality Test. Provided that candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes or Other Backward Classes or the Economically Weaker Sections or Persons with Benchmark Disability category(ies) may be invited for Interview/Personality Test by the Commission by applying relaxed standards in the General Studies Paper-I of the Preliminary Examination as well as Main Examination (Written) if the Commission is of the opinion that sufficient number of candidates belonging to these categories are not likely to be invited for Interview/Personality Test on the basis of the general standard in order to fill up vacancies reserved for them. (2) Candidates are required to indicate in relevant column of the Online Application Form for about the language medium in which they would like to be interviewed at the time of Interview/Personality Test as below:- (a) The candidates, opting for an Indian Language medium for the written part of the Civil Services (Main) Examination, may choose either the same Indian Language or English orHindi as the medium for the Interview/Personality Test. (b) The candidates, opting to write the Civil Services (Main) Examination in English, may choose as the medium for Interview/Personality Test either English, or Hindi, or any other Indian Language opted by them for the compulsory Indian Language Paper in the written part of the Civil Services (Main) Examination. However, the candidates, who are exempted from the compulsory Indian Language Paper, will have to choose either English or Hindi as medium for Interview/Personality Test. 16. Candidates are informed that some knowledge of Hindi prior to entry into Service would be of advantage in passing the departmental examinations which the candidates have to take after entry into Service. Minimum Qualification Marks for Persons with Benchmark Disability: 17. The minimum qualifying marks as specified under Rule 15 and Rule 20 may be relaxable at the discretion of the Commission in favor of Candidates belonging to Persons with BenchmarkDisability category in order to fill up the vacancies reserved for them. (FC&PR)] consistent with requirements of the identified Service/post as may be prescribed by the Government. Note-I : The details of ‘Suitable Category of Benchmark Disabilities’ and ‘Functional Requirements’ of Services participating in CSE-2025 are indicated in Appendix-IV of these Rules which are identified and prescribed by the Government as per the provisions of Section 33 and 34 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. Note-II : Persons with Benchmark Disability with only those category(ies) of disability(ies) mentioned in Appendix-IV shall be eligible to apply for the Examination under PwBD category. Therefore, candidates concerned are advised to read it carefully before applying appropriately for admission to the Examination. Note-III : Candidates belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability category are likely to have been previously tested and in possession of related medical certificates even before applying for admission to the Examination. However, it is to be noted clearly that the prescribed Medical Examination as per these Rules, also including that for benchmark disability category(ies), shall be mandatory and only the results of the prescribed Medical Examination shall be deemed valid for assessing whether a PwBD category candidate meets the requirements to be appointed. Change of Category: 26.(1) If the category indicated by a candidate in the Online Application Form for the Civil Services Examination is unreserved category but the candidate subsequently writes to the Commission to change the category to a reserved one, such request shall not be entertained by the Commission. Further, once a candidate has chosen a reserved category, no request shall beentertained for change to other reserved category viz. SC to ST, ST to SC, OBC to SC/ST or SC/ST to OBC, SC to EWS, EWS to SC, ST to EWS, EWS to ST, OBC to EWS, EWS to OBC, etc. No Reserved category candidates other than those who qualified each stage of the Examination on General standard, shall be allowed to change (on their request or as decided by the Commission/Government based on the documents submitted by them) their category from reserved to unreserved or claim the vacancies (Service/Cadre) for unreserved category after the declaration of final result by UPSC. In cases where such candidates do not qualify on General Standard, their candidature shall be cancelled. Further, no candidate belonging to any sub-category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) shall be allowed to change the sub-category of disability. (2) While the above principle will be followed in general, there may be a few cases wherethere was a gap of not more than 3 months between the issuance of a Government Notification enlisting a particular community in the list of any of the reserved communities and the date of submission of the application by the candidate. In such cases, the request of change of category from unreserved to reserved may be considered by the Commission on merit. (3) In case of a candidate becoming a candidate belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability category during the course of the examination process, the candidate must produce valid document of acquiring a disability to the extent of 40% or more as defined under the RPwD Act, 2016 to consider drawing the benefits of reservation as available to the Persons with Benchmark Disability (PwBD) category. Eligibility for Availing Reservation: 27.(1) A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit of community-based reservation only in case the particular community/caste to which the candidate belongs is included in the list of reserved communities issued by the Central Government. (2) The OBC candidates applying for CSE-2025 must produce OBC (Non Creamy Layer) certificate based on the income for the Financial Years (FYs) 2021-22, 2022-23 and 2023-24 and issued on/after 01.04.2024 (after the completion of FY 2023-24) but not later than the closing date of the Online Application Form for Civil Services Examination-2025. (3) A candidate at CSE-2025 will be eligible to get the benefit of the Economically Weaker Section reservation only in case the candidate meets the criteria issued by the Central Government and is in possession of requisite Income & Asset Certificate based on the income for Financial Year (FY) 2023-24 and issued on/after 01.04.2024 ( after the completion of FY 2023-24) but not later than the closing date of the Online Application Form for Civil Services Examination-2025. 28. Candidates seeking reservation/relaxation benefits available for SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwBD/ Ex- servicemen must ensure that they are entitled to such reservation/relaxation as per eligibility prescribed in the Rules/Notice. They should also be in possession of all the requisite certificates in the prescribed format in support of their claim as stipulated in the Rules/Notice for such benefits by the closing date of the Online Application Form for Civil Services Examination-2025. 29. The closing date fixed for the receipt of the Online Application Form of Civil Services Examination 2025 will be treated as the date for determining the OBC status (including that of creamy layer) of the candidates. CHARULATA SOMAL, Dy. Secy. APPENDIX I SECTION I : PLAN OF EXAMINATION The Civil Services Examination comprises two successive stages : (i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective Type) for the selection of candidates for Civil Services(Main) Examination; and (ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview/Personality Test) for the selection of candidatesfor the various Services and posts. 2. The Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will consist of two papers of Objective type (multiple choice questions) and carry a maximum of 400 marks in the subjects set out in sub-section (A) of Section II. This examination is meant to serve as a screening test only; the marks obtained in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination by the candidates who are declared qualified for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination willnot be counted for determining their final order of merit. The number of candidates to be admitted to the Civil Services (Main) Examination will be about twelve to thirteen times the total approximate number of vacancies to be filled in the year through this Examination. Only those candidates who are declared by the Commission to have qualified in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination in the year will be eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination of that year provided they are otherwise eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination. Note I : The Commission will draw a list of candidates to be qualified for Civil Services (Main) Examination based on the criterion of minimum qualifying marks of 33% in General Studies Paper-II of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination and total qualifying marks of General Studies Paper-I of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination as may be determined by the Commission. Note II : There will be negative marking for incorrect answers as detailed below : (i) There are four alternatives for the answers to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty. (ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answers happen to be correct and there will be same penalty as above for that question. (iii) If a question is left blank i.e. no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that question. 3. The Civil Services (Main) Examination will consist of a Written Examination and an Interview/Personality Test. The Written Examination will consist of 9 papers of conventional essay type in the subjects set out in sub- section (B) of Section-II out of which two papers will be of qualifying in nature. [Also see Note (ii) under Para-I of Section II-(B)]. Marks obtained for all the compulsory papers (Paper-I to Paper VII) and Marks obtained in Interview/Personality Test will be counted for ranking. 4.1 Candidates who obtain such minimum qualifying marks in the written part of the Civil Services (Main) Examination as may be fixed by the Commission at their discretion, shall be summoned by them for an Interview/Personality Test, vide sub-section (C) of Section-II. The number of candidates to be summoned for Interview/Personality Test will be about twice of the number of vacancies to be filled. The Interview/Personality Test will carry 275 marks (with no minimum qualifying marks). 4.2 Marks thus obtained by the candidates in the Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written part as well as Interview/Personality Test) would determine their final ranking. Candidates will be allotted to the various Services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and the preferences expressed by them for the various Services and posts. SECTION II : Scheme and Subjects for the Preliminary and Main Examination A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION: The Examination shall comprise of two compulsory Papers of 200 marks each. Note : (i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions) and each will be of twohours duration. (ii) The General Studies Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paperwith minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%. (iii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English. (iv) Details of the syllabi are indicated in Part A of Section III. B. MAIN EXAMINATION: The Written Examination will consist of the following papers :— Qualifying Papers : Paper-A (One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution). 300 Marks Paper-B English 300 Marks Papers to be counted for merit : Paper-I Essay 250 Marks Paper-II General Studies-I 250 Marks (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society) Paper-III General Studies -II 250 Marks (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations) Paper-IV General Studies -III 250 Marks (Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management) Paper-V General Studies -IV 250 Marks (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude) Paper-VI Optional Subject - Paper 1 250 Marks Paper-VII Optional Subject - Paper 2 250 Marks ================================================================================= Sub Total (Written test) 1750 Marks Personality Test 275 Marks ================================================================================= Grand Total 2025 Marks Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongst the list of subjects given in para 2 below:— Note : (i) The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking. (ii) Evaluation of the papers, namely, 'Essay', 'General Studies' and Optional Subject of all the candidates would be done simultaneously along with evaluation of their qualifying papers on ‘Indian Languages’ and ‘English’ but the papers on ‘Essay’, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 25% marks in ‘Indian Language’ and 25% in ‘English’ as minimum qualifying standards in these qualifying papers. (iii) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for candidates hailing from the Statesof Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim. (iv) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for Candidates belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability (only Hearing Impairment sub-category) provided that they have been granted such exemption from 2nd or 3rd language courses by the concerned education Board/University. The candidate needs to provide an undertaking/self declaration in this regard in order to claim such an exemption to the Commission. (v) Marks obtained by the candidates for the Paper I-VII only will be counted for merit ranking. However, the Commission will have the discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all of these papers. (vi) For the Language medium/literature of languages, the scripts to be used by the candidates will be as under: Language Script Assamese Assamese Bengali Bengali Gujarati Gujarati Hindi Devanagari Kannada Kannada Kashmiri Persian Konkani Devanagari Malayalam Malayalam Manipuri Bengali or Meitei Mayek Marathi Devanagari Nepali Devanagari Odia Odia Punjabi Gurumukhi Sanskrit Devanagari Sindhi Devanagari or Arabic Tamil Tamil Telugu Telugu Urdu Persian Bodo Devanagari Dogri Devanagari Maithilli Devanagari Santhali Devanagari or Olchiki Note 1 : For Santhali language, question paper will be printed in Devanagari script; but candidates will be free toanswer either in Devanagari script or in Olchiki. Note 2: For Manipuri Language, question paper will be printed in Bengali Script; but candidates will be free to answer either in Bengali Script or in Meitei Mayek Script. 2. List of optional subjects for Main Examination : (i) Agriculture (ii) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (iii) Anthropology (iv) Botany (v) Chemistry (vi) Civil Engineering (vii) Commerce and Accountancy (viii) Economics (ix) Electrical Engineering (x) Geography (xi) Geology (xii) History (xiii) Law (xiv) Management (xv) Mathematics (xvi) Mechanical Engineering (xvii) Medical Science (xviii) Philosophy (xix) Physics (xx) Political Science and International Relations (xxi) Psychology (xxii) Public Administration (xxiii) Sociology (xxiv) Statistics (xxv) Zoology (xxvi) Literature of any one of the following languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri,Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and English. Note : (i) The question papers for the examination will be of conventional (essay) type. (ii) Each paper will be of three hours duration. (iii) Candidates will have the option to answer all the question papers, except the Qualifying Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India or in English. Notwithstanding this, the Candidate will have the choice to write the Optional Papersin English also if candidates opt to write Paper I-V except the Qualifying Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the language included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. (iv) Candidates exercising the option to answer Papers in any one of the languages included in the Eight Schedule to the Constitution of India mentioned above may, if they so desire, give English version within brackets of only the description of the technical terms, if any, in addition to the version in the language opted by them. Candidates should, however, note that if they misuse the above rule, a deduction will be made on this account from the total marks otherwise accruing to them and in extreme cases; their script(s) will not be valued for being in an unauthorized medium. (v) Candidates should note that if any irrelevant matter/signages/marks etc. are found written in the answer script(s), which would not be related to any question/answer and/or would be having the potential to disclose the candidate’s identity, the Commission will impose a penalty of deduction of marks from the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate or will not evaluate the said script(s) on this account. (vi) The question papers (other than the literature of language papers) will be set in Hindi and English only. (vii) The details of the syllabi are set out in Part B of Section III. General Instructions(Preliminary as well as Main Examination) : (i) Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they be allowed the help of a scribe to write the answers for them. However, the Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the categories of blindness, locomotor disability (both arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be eligible for the facility of scribe. In case of other category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities as defined under section 2 (r) of the RPWD Act, 2016, such candidates will be eligible for the facility of scribe on production of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write, and scribe is essential to write examination on behalf, from the Chief Medical Officer/Civil Surgeon/Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as per proforma at Appendix-V. Further, for persons with specified disabilities covered under the definition of Section 2(s) of the RPwD Act, 2016 but not covered under the definition of Section 2(r) of the said Act, i.e. persons having less than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing will be eligible for compensatory time subject to production of a certificate to the effect that person concerned has limitation to write from the competent medical authority of a Government healthcare institution as per proforma at Appendix-VII. (ii) The candidates have discretion of opting for their own scribe or request the Commission for the same. The details of scribe i.e. whether own or the Commission’s and the details of scribe in case candidates are bringing their own scribe, will be sought at the time of filling up the application form online as per proforma at Appendix-VI (for Candidates having 40% disability or more) and Appendix-VIII (for Candidates having less than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing). (iii) The qualification of the Commission’s scribe as well as own scribe will not be more than the minimum qualification criteria of the examination. However, the qualification of the scribe should always be matriculate or above. (iv) The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of blindness, locomotor disability (both arms affected- BA) and cerebral palsy will be eligible for Compensatory Time of twenty minutes per hour of the examination. In case of other categories of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities, such candidates will be eligible for this facility on production of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write from the Chief Medical Officer/Civil Surgeon/Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as per proforma at Appendix-V. Further, for persons with specified disabilities covered under the definition of Section 2(s) of the RPwD Act, 2016 but not covered under the definition of Section 2(r) of the said Act, i.e. persons having less than 40% disability and having difficulty in writing will be eligible for compensatory time subject to production of a certificate to the effect that person concerned has limitation to write from the competent medical authority of a Government healthcare institution as per proforma at Appendix-VII. (v) Facility of Scribe and/or Compensatory time to eligible candidates will be provided, if desired by them. Note (1) : The eligibility conditions of a scribe and the conduct of scribe inside the examination hall and the manner in which and extent to which the scribe can help the eligible candidate (as defined above) in writing the Civil Services Examination shall be governed by the instructions issued by the UPSC in this regard. Violation of all or any of the said instructions shall entail the cancellation of the candidature of candidate in addition to any other action that the UPSC may take against the scribe. Note (2) : The criteria for determining the percentage of visual impairment shall be as follows :— +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | | Better eye Best Corrected | Worse eye Best Corrected| Per Cent | Disability category | | | 1 | 2 | Impairment | 4 | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | 6/6 to 6/18 | 6/6 to 6/18 | 6/6 to 6/18 | 0% | 0 | | | 6/24 to 6/60 | 6/24 to 6/60 | 10% | 0 | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | Less than 6/60 to | Less than 6/60 to 3/60 | Less than 6/60 to 3/60 | 20% | I | | 3/60 | | | | | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | Less than 3/60 No | Less than 3/60 No Light | Less than 3/60 No Light | 30% | II (One eyed | | Light Perception | Perception | Perception | | person) | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | 6/24 to 6/60 Or | 6/24 to 6/60 | 6/24 to 6/60 | 40% | III a (low vision)| | Visual field less | Less than 6/60 to 3/60 | Less than 6/60 to 3/60 | 50% | III b (low vision)| | than 40 up to 20 | Less than 3/60 to No | Less than 3/60 to No | 60% | III c (low vision)| | degree around centre| Light Perception | Light Perception | | | | of fixation or | | | | | | heminaopia involving| | | | | | macula | | | | | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | Less than 6/60 to | Less than 6/60 to 3/60 | Less than 6/60 to 3/60 | 70% | III d (low vision)| | 3/60 Or | Less than 3/60 to No | Less than 3/60 to No | 80% | III e (low vision)| | Visual field less | Light Perception | Light Perception | | | | than 20 up to 10 | | | | | | degree around centre| | | | | | of fixation | | | | | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | Less than 3/60 to | Less than 3/60 to 1/60 | Less than 3/60 to 1/60 | 90% | IV a (Blindness) | | 1/60 Or | Less than 3/60 to No | Less than 3/60 to No | 100% | IV b (Blindness) | | Visual field less | Light Perception | Light Perception | | | | than 10 degree | | | | | | around centre of | | | | | | fixation | | | | | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ | Only HMCF | Only HMCF | Only Light Perception, | Only Light | 100% | | Only Light | Only Light Perception, | No Light perception | Perception, No | IV b (Blindness) | | Perception, No Light| No Light perception | | Light perception | | | perception | | | | | +---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+ Note (3) : The concession admissible to blind candidates shall not be admissible to those suffering from Myopia. (i) The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the examination. (ii) If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account from the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate. (iii) Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge. (iv) Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due economy of words in all subjects of the examination. (v) In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used. (vi) Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.) while answering question papers. (vii) Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (Non-Programmable type) Calculators at the conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type calculators will however not be allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means by the candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in the Examination Hall is not permitted. It is also important to note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for answering objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore bring the same inside the Examination Hall. C. Interview/Personality Test The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of the candidate’s career. The candidate will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the Interview/Personality Test is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The Interview/Personality Test is intended to judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only intellectual qualities but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity. 2. The technique of the Interview/Personality Test is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate. 3. The Interview/Personality Test is not intended to be a test either of the specialized or general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own State or Country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well-educated youth. SECTION III : SYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION Note : Candidates are advised to go through the Syllabus published in this Section for the Preliminary Examinationand the Main Examination, as periodic revision of syllabus has been done in several subjects. Part A—Preliminary Examination Paper I - (200 marks) Duration : Two hours • Current events of national and international importance. • History of India and Indian National Movement. • Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World. • Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc. • Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social SectorInitiatives, etc. • General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require subjectspecialization. • General Science. Paper II-(200 marks) Duration : Two hours • Comprehension; • Interpersonal skills including communication skills; • Logical reasoning and analytical ability; • Decision making and problem solving; • General mental ability; • Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation(charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. — Class X level); Note 1 : Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifyingmarks fixed at 33%. Note 2 : The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type. Note 3 : It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both the Papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore, a candidate will be disqualified in case he/she does not appear in both the papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination. Part B—Main Examination The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory. The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will be such as to test acandidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers. The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is broadly ofthe honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree and lower than the masters’ degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors’ degree. Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as follows : QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH The aim of the paper is to test the candidates' ability to read and understand serious discursive prose, and toexpress ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language concerned. The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows : (i) Comprehension of given passages. (ii) Precis Writing. (iii) Usage and Vocabulary. (iv) Short Essays. Indian Languages :— (i) Comprehension of given passages. (ii) Precis Writing. (iii) Usage and Vocabulary. (iv) Short Essays. (v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa. Note 1 : The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be ofqualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking. Note 2 : The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English and the respectiveIndian language (except where translation is involved). PAPER-I Essay : Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression. PAPER-II General Studies-I : Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society. • Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. • Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. • The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country. • Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country. • History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society. • Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. • Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues,urbanization, their problems and their remedies. • Effects of globalization on Indian society. • Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism. • Salient features of world’s physical geography. • Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub- continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India). • Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes. PAPER-III General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations. • Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basicstructure. • Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federalstructure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. • Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions. • Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries. • Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issuesarising out of these. • Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of theGovernment; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity. • Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act. • Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various ConstitutionalBodies. • Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies. • Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. • Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders. • Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of theseschemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. • Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources. • Issues relating to poverty and hunger. • Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance• applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures. • Role of civil services in a democracy. • India and its neighborhood- relations. • Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. • Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora. • Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. PAPER-IV General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered : • Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensionsof ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values. • Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion. • Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections. • Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance. • Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world. • Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance. • Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption. • Case Studies on above issues. PAPER-VI & PAPER VII Optional Subject Papers I & II Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given in Para 2. AGRICULTURE PAPER-I Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agro ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans. Climate change— International conventions and global initiatives. Green house effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis—Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding and short duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping, and farming systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops. Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry, agro-forestry, and natural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agro-forestry and value addition. Conservation of forestflora and fauna. Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds. Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphor use and potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gas emission. Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas. Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water- logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution. Irrigation projects in India. Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource use and budgeting.Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing management strategies for development, market intelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance. Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes, socio- economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers; Training programmes for extension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra‘s (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-Government Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development. PAPER-II Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material. Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutation—and their role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters. History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources—conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement Gernetically modified crop plants. Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, Seed testing and storage. DNA finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture. Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and metabolism of nutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship. Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis—modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth substances and their role in crop production.Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress physiology—draught, salt and water stress. Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. Package practices of major horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post-harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition. Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management. Intergrated pest and diseases management. Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, their formulation and modes of action. Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population—vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies. Production, procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of food grains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization. Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency—Micro nutrient deficiency : Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food grain productivity and food security. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE PAPER-I 1. Animal Nutrition : 1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon—nitrogen balance andcomparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry.Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production. 1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production. 1.3 Major and trace minerals—Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat soluble and water—soluble vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiency symptoms. 1.4 Feed additives—methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like harmones and antibiotics—latest concepts. 1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials—direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals. 1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production. 1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine. 1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers. 2. Animal Physiology : 2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in health and disease. 2.2 Blood constituents.—Properties and functions-blood cell formation—Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry- plasma proteins production, classification and properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders— anti-coagulants—blood groups—Blood volume—Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis. 2.3 Circulation.—Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart—effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds. 2.4 Respiration.—Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of respiration- Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds. 2.5 Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal function renal regulation of acid-base balance : physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion- Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction. 2.6 Endocrine glands.—Functional disorders—their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion—hormonal receptors-classification and function. 2.7 Growth and Animal Production.—Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality. 2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion.—Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions. 2.9 Environmental Physiology.—Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climatology—various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health and production. 3. Animal Reproduction : Semen quality.—Preservation and Artificial Insemination—Components of semen, composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding. 4. Livestock Production and Management : 4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.—Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records. 4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production.—Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and land requirements and socio- economic concept. 4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities. 5. Genetics and Animal Breeding : 5.1 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis : Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance, Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate, Transgenesis. 5.2 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding—Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives. 5.3 Breeding Systems.—Breeds of livestock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family selection; Pregnancy testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various methods; Indirect selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross- breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index. 6. Extension : Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and constraintsin transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development. PAPER-II 1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene : 1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E. staining—Freezing microtomy—Microscopy Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology- structure of cell organells and inclusions; cell division-cell types—Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues—Comparative histology of organs—Vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo- skeletal and urogenital systems—Endocrine glands—Integuments— sense organs. 1.2 Embryology.—Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives. 1.3 Bovine Anatomy.—Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX— surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi-buloalveolar, mental and cornnal nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar and radial nervestibial, fibular and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatusand their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body. 1.4 Anatomy of Fowl.—Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production. 1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.—Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in therapeutics—chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in the Edible tissues of animals—chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to ―insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins‖. 1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.—Assessment of pollution of water, air and soil—Importance of climate in animal health—effect of environment on animal function and performance relationship between industrialisation and animal agriculture—animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds—stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation. 2. Animal Diseases : 2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and poultry. 2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig and poultry. 2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds. 2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning. 2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. 2.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of animals against specific diseases—hard immunity— disease free zones—‗zero‘ disease concept—chemoprophylaxis. 2.7 Anaesthesia.—local, regional and general-prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomassal displacement—Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy— Castrations. 2.8 Disease investigation techniques.—Materials for laboratory investigation—Establishment. Animal Health Centres—Disease free zone. 3. Veterinary Public Health : 3.1 Zoonoses.—Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases—occupational zoonotic diseases. 3.2 Epidemiology.—Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne infections. OIE regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures. 3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.—Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases—State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases—S.P. C.A.—Veterolegal cases—Certificates—Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation. 4. Milk and Milk Products Technology : 4.1 Market Milk.—Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution, marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment. 4.2 Milk Products Technology.—Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, lce cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products—BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control nutritive properties. Packaging processing and operational control. Costing of dairy products. 5. Meat Hygiene and Technology : 5.1 Meat Hygiene 5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts— grading of carcass meat cuts—duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production. 5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat.—Spoilage of meat and control measures—Post- slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them—Quality improvement methods—Adulteration of meat and detection—Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry. 5.2 Meat Technology 5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat.—Meat emulsions—Methods of preservation of meat— Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products, processing and formulations. 5.3 By-products.—Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation—Edible and inedible by products— Social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter house by-products—Organ products for foodand pharmaceuticals. 5.4 Poultry Products Technology.—Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre- slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards. Structure composition and nutritive value of eggs Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products. 5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming.—Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool. ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER-I 1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology. 1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities. 1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance : (a) Social-cultural Anthropology. (b) Biological Anthropology. (c) Archaeological Anthropology. (d) Linguistic Anthropology. 1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man : (a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution. (b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian). (c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll‘s rule,Cope‘s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution). 1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications. 1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following : (a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East Africa—Australopithecines. (b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectusjavanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis. (c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type). (d) Rhodesian man. (e) Homo saoiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede. 1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation,Chromosomes, and Cell Division. 1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating methods. (b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures : (i) Paleolithic (ii) Mesolithic (iii) Neolithic (iv) Chalcolithic (v) Copper-Bronze Age (vi) Iron Age 2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-a-viscultural Relativism. 2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; and Social stratification. 2.3 Marriage : Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth anddowry). 2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements on family. 2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation;Decent and Alliance. 3. Economic Organization : Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems. 4. Political Organization and Social Control : Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple Societies. 5. Religion : Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant Societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished;magico-religious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch). 6. Anthropological theories : (a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer) (b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (British, German and American) (c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural—Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown) (d) Structuralism (L‘evi-Strauss and E. Leach) (e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois) (f) Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service) (g) Cultural materialism (Harris) (h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz) (i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin) (j) Post-modernism in anthropology. 7. Culture, Language and Communication : Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social contex of language use. 8. Research methods in Anthropology : (a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology (b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology (c) Tools of data collection : observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods. (d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. 9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo- type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies. 9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in man. 9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages. 9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology. (a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders). (b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and othersyndromic disorders. (c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes. (d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling, genemapping and genome study. 9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man. 9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker : ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-economic groups. 9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology : Bio-cultural Adaptations—Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man‘s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate. 9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases, Nutritional deficiency related diseases. 10. Concept of human growth and Development : Stages of growth—pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence. —Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural andsocio-economic. —Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations —Biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growthstudies. 11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials. 11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural. 11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality. 12. Applications of Anthropology : Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics—Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology. PAPER-II 1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post- Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian civilization. 1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man). 1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing communities. 2. Demographic profile of India—Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Indian population—factors influencing its structure and growth. 3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth. 3.2 Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system. Tribe-case continuum. 3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex. 3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society. 4. Emergence, growth and development in India—Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to tribal and caste studies. 5.1 Indian Village—Significance of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impact of globalization on Indian villages. 5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status. 5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati Raj and social change; Media and Social change. 6.1 Tribal situation in India—Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the tribalpopulations and their distribution. 6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities—Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, under- employment, health and nutrition. 6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanisation and industrialization on tribal populations. 7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. 7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies : Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections. 7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among tribal communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India. 8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal societies. 8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries. 9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development. 9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development. 9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and political movements. BOTANY PAPER-I 1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology : Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses,viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma; Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution; Prion and Prion hypothesis. Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes of infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology of parasitism and control measures. Fungal toxins. Modelling and disease forecasting; Plant quarantine. 2. Cryptogams : Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and economic importance. 3. Phanerogams : Gymnosperms : Concept of Progymnosperms. Classification and distribution of gymnosperms. Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction. General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordiaitailes; Geological time scale; Type of fossils and their study techniques. Angiosperms : Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogency. Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical taxomomy and chemotaxomomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and palynology. Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification of angiosperms; Study of angiospermic families— Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae andOrchidaceae. Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular trichomes; Unusual secondary growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and phloem differentiation; Wood anatomy. Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—its development and function. Patterns of embryo development; Polyembroyony, apomixes; Applications of palynology; Experimental embryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization. 4. Plant Resource Development : Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov‘s centres of origin. Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany in Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical Gardens and Herbaria. 5. Morphogenesis : Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods and their applications. PAPER-II 1. Cell Biology : Techniques of cell biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells—structural and ultrastructural details; Structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport; Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes; Cytoskelaton and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell receptors; Signal transduction Mitosis and meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance; Chromatin organization and packaging of genome; Polytene chromosomes; B-chromosomes— structure, behaviour and significance. 2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution : Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossing over of genemapping including molecular maps (idea of mapping, function); Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance; sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility). Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins; Genetic code and regulation of gene expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories. Role of RNA in origin and evolution. 3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics : Methods of plant breeding—introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixes in plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engineering—methods of transfer of genes; Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; Development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques—probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson). Correlation and regression. 4. Physiology and Biochemistry : Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis— photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways; C3, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism of pholem transport, Respiration (anerobic and aerobic, including fermentation)—electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation; Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis; Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy transfer and energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Plant movements; Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence; Growth substances—their chemical nature, role and applications in agri-horticulture; growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of seed. Fruit ripening—its molecular basis and manipulation. 5. Ecology and Plant Geography : Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of community; Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and its control (including phytoreme- diation); Plant indicators; Environment (Protection) Act. Forest types of India—‗Ecological and ecomomic importance of forests, afforestation, deforestation and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism IUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its conservation; Protected Area Network; Convention of Biological Diversity, Farmers‘ Rights; and Intellectual Property Rights; Concept of Sustainable Development; Biogeochemical cycles. Global warming and climatic change; Invasive species; Environmetal Impact Assessment; Phytogeographical regions of India. CHEMISTRY PAPER- I 1. Atomic Structure : Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Schrodinger wave equation (time independent); Interpretation of wave function, particle in one- dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes of s, p and d orbitals. 2. Chemical bonding : Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding H2 +, H2 He2 + to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN–, Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length. 3. Solid State : Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell; Bragg's law; X-ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values; Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2; Stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors. 4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon : Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases;Maxwell‘s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases. 5. Liquid State : Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contact angle, interfacial tension and capillary action. 6. Thermodynamics : Work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes, entropy- reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of state; Maxwell relations; Temperature, volume and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G, Cp and Cv,  and  ; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics. 7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions : Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids—upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination. 8. Electrochemistry : Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium andtransport properties. Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applicationsfuel cells and batteries. Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential;electroanalytical techniques : amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their use. 9. Chemical Kinetics: Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; Branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories. 10. Photochemistry: Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between hydrogenand halogens and their quantum yields. 11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis: Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents; Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts. 12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry: Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins. 13. Coordination Chemistry : (i) Bonding in transition of metal complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and elctronic spectra of metal complexes. (ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes. (iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds. (iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds with metal—metal bonds and metal atom clusters. 14. Main Group Chemistry: Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur—nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds. 15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Element: Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction. PAPER-II 1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding : Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones. 2. (i) Reaction mechanisms : General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanisms or organic reactions : isotopies, mathod cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions. (ii) Reactive intermediates : Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carboniumions and carbanions,free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes. (iii) Substitution reactions :—SN 1, SN 2, and SN i, mechanisms ; neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including heterocyclic compounds— pyrrole, furan, thiophene and indole. (iv) Elimination reactions :—E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions—Saytzeff andHoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination—acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope eliminations. (v) Addition reactions :—Electrophilic addition to C=C and CC; nucleophilic addition to C=O, CN, conjugated olefins and carbonyls. (vi) Reactions and Rearrangements :—(a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer Villiger,Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner—Meerwein rearrangements. (b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions. 3. Pericyclic reactions :—Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5], FMO approach. 4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Organic polymerspolyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber. (ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and RNA. 5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents: OsO4, HlO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAIH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi, MCPBA. 6. Photochemistry :—Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and II reactions. 7. Spectroscopy: Principle and applications in structure elucidation : (i) Rotational—Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants. (ii) Vibrational—Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of functional groupsin polyatomic molecules. (iii) Electronic—Singlet and triplet states. n→ and → transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra. (iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1HNMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin interaction andcoupling constants. (v) Mass Spectrometry :—Parent peak, base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement. CIVIL ENGINEERING PAPER-I 1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis. 1.1 Engineering Mechanics : Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system. First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.Static Friction. Kinematics and Kinetics: Kinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies. 1.2 Strength of Materials : Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bendingmoment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform strength. Deflection of beams: Mecaulay‘s method, Mohr‘s Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler‘s, Rankine‘s and Secant formulae. 1.3 Structural Analysis : Castiglianio‘s theorems I and II, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution. Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section ofa beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of movingloads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses. Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects. Matrix methods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method. Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principal axes, calculation of bending stresses. 2. Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures. 2.1 Structural Steel Design : Structural steel : Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings. 2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures : Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Stress and Limit State method of design— Recommendations of I. S. codes. Design of one way and two way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity. Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls. Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground. Prestressed Concrete : Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Design of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes 3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines : 3.1 Fluid Mechanics : Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curvesurfaces. Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity,irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions. Continuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Stokes equation, Euler‘s equation of motion, applicationto fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs. 3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham‘s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters. 3.3 Laminar Flow : Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube. 3.4 Boundary layer : Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough boundaries,drag and lift. Turbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation of pipefriction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line. 3.5 Open Channel Flow : Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation. 3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower : Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed. Principles of hydropower development. 4. Geotechnical Engineering : Soil Type and Structure—gradation and particle size distribution—consistency limits. Water in soil—capillary and structural—effective stress and pore water pressure—permeability concept— filed and laboratory determination of permeability—Seepage pressure—quick sand conditions—Shear strength determination—Mohr Coulomb concept. Compaction of soil—Laboratory and filed test. Compressibility and consolidation concept— consolidation theory—consolidation settlement analysis. Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles and Braced excavation. Bearing capacity of soil—approaches for analysis- Filed tests—settlement analysis—stability of slope ofearth walk. Subsurface exploration of soils—methods Foundation—Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures—Design criteria for foundation—Analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile—pile group action—pile load test. Ground improvement techniques. PAPER—II 1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management 1.1 Construction Technology Engineering Materials : Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction—Stones, Bricks andTiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars and Concrete. Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. C., High strength concrete.Timber; Properties defects—common preservation treatments. Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High Rise Buildings. 1.2 Construction : Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks—construction detailing and strength characteristics.Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features. Common repairs in buildings. Principle of functional planning of building for residents and specific use—Building code provisions. Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating—specification writing and rate analysis- principlesof valuation of real property. Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses—Factors affecting selection of equipments—operating cost of equipments. 1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT : Construction activity—schedules—organization for construction industry—Quality assurance principles. Use Basic principle of network—analysis in form of CPM and PERT—their use in constructionmonitoring, Cost optimization and resource allocation. Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods. Project profitability—Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll fixation criterions. 2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering 2.1 Surveying : Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for CE work—theiruse in plane table, traverse survey, levelling work, triangulation, contouring and topographical map. Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing. 2.2 Railways Engineering : Permanent way—components, types and their function-Functions and Designconstituents of turn and crossing— Necessity of geometric design of track—Design of station and yards. 2.3 Highway Engineering : Principles of Highway alignments—classification and geometrical design elements and standards forRoads. Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements—Design principles and methodology of pavements. Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM, Bituminous works andCC roads. Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads—culvert structures.Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays. Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning—Typical design features for channelized, intersection rotary etc.—signal designs—standard Traffic signs and markings. 3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering : 3.1 Hydrology : Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, floodfrequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing—Muskingam method. 3.2 Ground Water flow : Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers,aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions. 3.3 Water Resources Engineering : Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs,reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation. 3.4 Irrigation Engineering : (i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies. (ii) Canals : Distribution systems for cannal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed load. (iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity. (iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal outlets. (v) Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla‘stheory, energy dissipation. (vi) Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis. (vii) Spillways : Spillway types, energy dissipation. (viii) River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training. 4. Environmental Engineering 4.1 Water Supply : Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water. 4.2 Intake of Water : Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure-, filters;chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity. 4.3 Sewerage Systems : Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewage—separate and combined systems, flow through sewers,design of sewers. 4.4 Sewage Characterisation : BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water courseand on land. 4.5 Sewage Treatment : Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water. 4.6 Solid waste : Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects. 5. Environmental pollution : Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact assessment for thermalpower plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution control acts. COMMERCE AND ACCOUNTANCY PAPER-I Accounting and Finance Accounting, Taxation & Auditing 1. Financing Accounting : Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting Standards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation, Inventories, Research and Development Costs, Long- term Construction Contracts, Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies, Foreign Exchange Transactions, Investments and Government Grants, Cash Flow Statement, Earnings per Share. Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, Right Shares.Emplyees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities. Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts. Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies. 2. Cost Accounting : Nature and functions of cost accounting. Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost Concepts related toIncome Measurement, Profit Planning, Cost Control and Decision Making. Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Costing, Activity Based Costing.Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a tool of Profit Planning. Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions, Make orBuy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions etc. Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction : Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and Control. StandardCosting and Variance Analysis. Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement. 3. Taxation : Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomes which do not form part of total income. Simple problems of Computation of Income (of individuals only) under various heads, i.e., Salaries, Income fromHouse Property, Profits and Gains from Business or Profession, Capital Gains, Income from other sources,Income of other Persons included in Assessee‘s Total Income. Set-off and Carry forward of Loss. Deductions from Gross Total Income. Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Services Tax. 4. Auditing : Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Dividends, Special investigations, Tax audit. Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organization and Charitable Societies/Trusts/Organizations. Financial Management, Financial Institutions and Markets 1. Financial Management : Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management : Risk and Return Relationship. Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Statement. Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Methods. Risk and Uncertainty Anlysis and Methods. Cost of Capital : Concept, Computation of Specific Costs and Weighted Average Cost of Capital. CAPM as aTool of Determining Cost of Equity Capital. Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure—Net Income (NI) Approach. Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach and Traditional Approach. Designing of Capital structure: Types of Leverages (Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT-EPS Analysis, and otherFactors. Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm : Walter‘s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan‘s Model Lintner‘s Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy. Working Capital Management: Planning of Working Capital. Determinants of Working Capital. Components of Working Capital—Cash, Inventory and Receivables. Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financial aspect only). 2. Financial Markets and Institutions : Indian Financial System: An Overview Money Markets: Participants, Structure and Instruments. Commercial Banks. Reforms in Banking Sector.Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as a Regulator. Capital Market : Primary and Secondary Market. Financial Market Instruments and Innovative DebtInstruments; SEBI as a Regulator. Financial Services : Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and IRDA. PAPER-II Organisation Theory and Behaviours, Human Resource Management and Industrial RelationsOrganisation Theory and Behaviour 1. Organisation Theory : Nature and Concept of Organisation; External Environment of Organisation—Technological, Social, Political, Economical and Legal; Organizational Goals Primary and Secondary Goals, Single and Multiple Goals; Management by Objectives. Evolution of Organisation theory : Classical Neo-classical and system approach. Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory : Organisational Design, Organisational Structure and Organisational Culture. Organisational Design—Basic Challenges; Differentiation and Integration Process; Centralization and Decentralization Process; Standardization/Formalization and Mutual Adjustment. Coordinating Formal and Informal Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic Structures. Designing Organizational structures—Authority and Control; Line and Staff Functions, Specialization and Coordination. Types of Organization Structure—Functional. Matrix Structure, Project Structure. Nature and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure and Politics. Impact of Information Technology on Organizational Design and Structure. Managing Organizational Culture. 2. Organisation Behaviour : Meaning and Concept; Individual in organization: Personality, Theories, and Determinants; Perception Meaning and Process. Motivation : Concepts, Theories and Applications. Leadership—Theories and Styles. Quality of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Circles (QC)— Meaning and their Importance. Management of Conflicts in Organizations. Transactional Analysis, Organizational Effectiveness, Management of Change. Human Resources Management and Industrial Relations 1. Human Resources Management (HRM) : Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process, Orientational and Placement, Training and Development Process, Performance Appraisal and 360° Feed Back, Salary and Wage Administration, Job Evaluation, Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers and Separations. 2. Industrial Relations (IR) : Meaning, Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Formation of Trade Union, Trade Union Legislation, TradeUnion Movement in India. Recognition of Trade Unions, Problems of Trade Unions in India. Impact of Liberalization on Trade Union Movement. Nature of Industrial Disputes: Strikes and Lockouts, Causes of Disputes, Prevention and Settlement of Disputes. Worker‘s Participation in Management: Philosophy, Rationale, Present Day Status and Future Prospects.Adjudication and Collective Bargaining. Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises Absenteeism and Labour Turnover in Indian Industries and theirCauses and Remedies. ILO and its Functions. ECONOMICS PAPER—I 1. Advanced Micro Economics : (a) Marshallian and Walrasian Approaches to Price determination. (b) Alternative Distribution Theories : Ricardo, Kaldor, Kalecki. (c) Markets Structure : Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly. (d) Modern Welfare Criteria : Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, Arrow‘s Impossibility Theorem, A. K. Sen‘s SocialWelfare Function. 2. Advance Macro Economics : Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination : Classical, Keynes (IS-LM) curve, Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate determination and Interest Rate Structure. 3. Money-Banking and Finance : (a) Demand for and Supply of Money : Money Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher, Pigou and Friedman) and Keynes‘ Theory on Demand for Money, Goals and Instruments of Monetary Management in Closed and Open Economies. Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money. (b) Public Finance and its Role in market Economy : In stabilization of supply, allocation of resources and in distribution and development. Sources of Government revenue, forms of Taxes and Subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings. Public expenditure and its effects. 4. International Economics : (a) Old and New theories of International Trade. (i) Comparative advantage, (ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve. (iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories. (iv) Trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy. (b) Forms of Protection : Tariff and quota. (c) Balance of Payments Adjustments : Alternative Approaches. (i) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates. (ii) Theories of Policy Mix. (iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility. (iv) Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing Countries : Currency Boards. (v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries. (vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy macromodel. (vii) Speculative attacks. (viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions. (ix) WTO : TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks. 5. Growth and Development : (a) (i) Theories of growth : Harrod‘s model; (ii) Lewis model of development with surplus labour. (iii) Balanced Unbalanced Growth. (iv) Human Capitals and Economic Growth. (v) Research and Development and Economic Growth. (b) Process of Economic Development of less developed countries : Myrdal and Kuzments on economic development and structural change : Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of less developed countries. (c) Economic Development and International Trade and Investment, Role of Multinationals. (d) Planning and Economic Development : changing role of Markets and Planning, Private-Public Partnership. (e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth—Human Development Indices. The basic needs approach. (f) Development and Environmental Sustainability—Renewable and Non-renewable Resources, EnvironmentalDegradation, Intergenerational equity development. PAPER-II Indian Economy in Pre-Independence Era : Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire theory and critique. Manufacture and Transport : Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money and Credit. Indian Economy after Independence : A. The Pre-Liberalization Era : (i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao. (ii) Agriculture : Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital formation in agriculture. (iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, Small scale and cottageindustries. (iv) National and Per capita income : patterns, trends, aggregate and Sectoral composition and changes therein. (v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in poverty andinequality. B. The Post-Liberalization Era : (i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture : Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, subsidies, Agriculturalprices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth. (ii) New Economic Policy and Industry : Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments, Role offoreign direct investment and multinationals. (iii) New Economic Policy and Trade : Intellectual property rights : Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS, GATS andnew EXIM policy. (iv) New Exchange Rate Regime : Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility. (v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance Commission andFiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation. (vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary System. Role of RBI under the new regime. (vii) Planning : From central Planning to indivative planning, Relation between planning and markets for growthand decentralized planning : 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments. (viii) New Economic Policy and Employment : Employment and poverty, Rural wages, Employment Generation,Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER-I 1. Circuits—Theory : Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks. 2. Signals and Systems : Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems. 3. E.M. Theory : Maxwell‘s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart. 4. Analog Electronics : Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies. 5. Digital Electronics : Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA). 6. Energy Conversion : Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors. Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and performance analysis; speed control. 7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives : Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half- controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives. 8. Analog Communication : Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrows band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers. PAPER II 1. Control Systems : Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems : time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polor plots, Nyquist‘s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems. 2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers : PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing,I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices. 3. Measurement and Instrumentation : Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitanceand frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal. 4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control : Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission. 5. Power System Protection : Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection. 6. Digital Communication : Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolation codes. Information measure and sourcecoding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture. GEOGRAPHY PAPER I PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY Physical Geography : 1. Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth‘s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth‘s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment. 2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen‘s Thornthwaite‘s and Trewar Tha‘s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban climate. 3. Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and marine pollution. 4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degrada- tion and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres. 5. Environmental Geography : Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation. 6. Human Geography : 1. Perspectives in Human Geography : Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human development indix. 2. Economic Geography : World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns of world trade. 3. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world population; Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Populationas social capital. Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities. 4. Regional Planning : Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development. 5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen‘s model of agricultural location; Weber‘s model of industrial location; Ostov‘s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers. PAPER II GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA 1. Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation, Soil types and their distributions. 2. Resources : Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources, Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis. 3. Agriculture : Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro- ecological regions. 4. Industry : Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and ago-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector underkings; Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism. 5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline net works and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy;Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme. 6. Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, interaregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators. 7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town planning; Problems of urbanisation and remedies. 8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integratedrural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal area development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories. 9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International boundary of India and related issues; Cross- border terrorism; India‘s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm. 10. Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floodsand droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy. NOTE : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper. GEOLOGY PAPER I 1. General Geology : The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes—causes and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid oceanridges; Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy. 2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing : Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent. Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. Orbiting Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellite data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)—its applications. 3. Structural Geology : Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress- strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation. 4. Paleontology : Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance. 5. Indian Stratigraphy : Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostrati-graphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems—Cambrian/ Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub-continent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas. 6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology : Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water- bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistantstructures. PAPER II 1. Mineralogy : Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray crystallography. Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay minerals. Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals. 2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology : Generation and crystallisation of magmas. Crystallisation of albite—anorthite, diopside—anorthite and diopside—wollastonite—silica systems. Bowen's Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province. Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism andgranitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India. 3. Sedimentary Petrology : Sediments and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and non- clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance. Sedimentary basins of India. 4. Economic Geology : Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classification of ore deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore textures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India, National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea. 5. Mining Geology : Methods of prospecting—geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves of ore; Methods of exploration and mining-metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing. 6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology : Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics. Natural hazards—floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation; Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution. Environment protection—legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact. HISTORY PAPER I 1. Sources Archaeological sources : Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments.Literary sources: Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature. Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers. 2. Pre-history and Proto-history : Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic andchalcolithic). 3. Indus Valley Civilization : Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art and architecture. 4. Megalithic Cultures : Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry. 5. Aryans and Vedic Period : Expansions of Aryans in India : Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system. 6. Period of Mahajanapadas : Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddhism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas. Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact. 7. Mauryan Empire : Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature. Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas. 8. Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas) : Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science. 9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India: Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture. 10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas: Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila andVallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture. 11. Regional States during Gupta Era: The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government; Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society. 12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History: Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics. 13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200: — Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs. — The Cholas: administration, village economy and society ―Indian Feudalism‖. — Agrarian economy and urban settlements. — Trade and commerce. — Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order. — Condition of women. — Indian science and technology. 14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200: — Philosophy: Shankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa. — Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India,Sufism. — Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing languages,Kalhan's Rajtarangini, Alberuni's India. — Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting. 15. The Thirteenth Century: — Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions - factors behind Ghurian success. — Economic, Social and cultural consequences. — Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans. — Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban. 16. The Fourteenth Century: — The Khalji Revolution‖. — Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and economic measure. — Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq. — Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, decline of the Sultanate,foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta's account. 17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: — Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and slaveryunder the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement. — Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literature in the languages of SouthIndia, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, evolution of a composite culture. — Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce. 18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-Political Developments and Economy: — Rise of Provincial Dynasties : Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat. — Malwa, Bahmanids. — The Vijayanagara Empire. — Lodis. — Mughal Empire, first phase : Babur, Humayun. — The Sur Empire : Sher Shah‘s administration. — Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi Movements. 19. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society and culture: — Regional cultures specificities. — Literary traditions. — Provincial architectural. — Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire. 20. Akbar: — Conquests and consolidation of empire. — Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. — Rajput policy. — Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. — Court patronage of art and technology. 21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century: — Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. — The Empire and the Zamindars. — Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. — Nature of the Mughal State. — Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts. — The Ahom kingdom. — Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom. 22. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries: — Population Agricultural and craft production. — Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies : a trade revolution. — Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems. — Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women. — Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth. 23. Culture during Mughal Empire: — Persian histories and other literature. — Hindi and religious literatures. — Mughal architecture. — Mughal painting. — Provincial architecture and painting. — Classical music. — Science and technology. 24. The Eighteenth Century: — Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire. — The regional principalities: Nizam‘s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh. — Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. — The Maratha fiscal and financial system. — Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761. — State of, political, cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest. PAPER-II 1. European Penetration into India: The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal-The conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey. 2. British Expansion in India: Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; The Punjab. 3. Early Structure of the British Raj: The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct control; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt's India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice of free trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India. 4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule: (a) Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue arrangements; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society. (b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and communication network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations. 5. Social and Cultural Developments: The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction of western education in India; The rise of press, literature and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of Science; Christian missionary activities in India. 6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas: Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati; The social reform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India; Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements. 7. Indian Response to British Rule: Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 —Origin, character, causes of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s. 8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India. 9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the end of the Non- cooperation movementto the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalism and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission. 10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935. 11. Other strands in the National Movement. The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India. The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties. 12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence. 13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru's Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); The linguistic reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language. 14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonial electoral politics; Dalit movements. 15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of Science. 16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas: (i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment : Kant, Rousseau. (ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies. (iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism. 17. Origins of Modern Politics : (i) European States System. (ii) American Revolution and the Constitution. (iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815. (iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery. (v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 : Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists. 18. Industrialization : (i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact on Society. (ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany, Russia, Japan. (iii) Industrialization and Globalization. 19. Nation-State System : (i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century. (ii) Nationalism : State-building in Germany and Italy. (iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the World. 20. Imperialism and Colonialism : (i) South and South-East Asia. (ii) Latin America and South Africa. (iii) Australia. (iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism. 21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution : (i) 19th Century European revolutions. (ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921. (iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany. (iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949. 22. World Wars : (i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societal implications. (ii) World War I : Causes and Consequences. (iii) World War II : Causes and Consequences. 23. The World after World War II: (i) Emergence of Two power blocs. (ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment. (iii) UNO and the global disputes. 24. Liberation from Colonial Rule : (i) Latin America-Bolivar. (ii) Arab World-Egypt. (iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy. (iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam. 25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment : (i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America, Africa. 26. Unification of Europe : (i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and European Community. (ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community (iii) European Union. 27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World : (i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union, 1985-1991. (ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001. (iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower. LAW PAPER-I Constitutional and administrative Law : 1. Constitution and Constitutionalism: The distinctive features of the Constitution. 2. Fundamental Rights—Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority. 3. Relationship between Fundamental rights, Directive principles and Fundamental duties. 4. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers. 5. Governor and his powers. 6. Supreme Court and the High Courts: (a) Appointments and transfer. (b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction. 7. Centre, States and local bodies: (a) Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States. (b) Local Bodies. (c) Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies. (d) Eminent domain-State property-common property-community property. 8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities. 9. Services under the Union and the States: (a) Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals. (b) Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions—Power and functions. (c) Election Commission—Power and functions. 10. Emergency provisions. 11. Amendment of the Constitution. 12. Principle of Natural Justice—Emerging trends and judicial approach. 13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality. 14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance. 15. Judicial review of administrative action. 16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc. International Law : 1. Nature and Definition of International Law. 2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law. 3. State Recognition and State Succession. 4. Law of the sea: Inland Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas. 5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for their enforcement. 6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum. 7. Treaties : Formation, application, termination and reservation. 8. United Nations : Its principal organs, powers and functions and reform. 9. Peaceful settlement of disputes—different modes. 10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions, self-defence, intervention. 11. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law—International conventions and contemporarydevelopments. 12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non- proliferationtreaty, CTST. 13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International Criminal Court. 14. New International Economic Order and Monetary Law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank. 15. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment : International Efforts. PAPER II Law of Crimes :— 1. General principles of Criminal liability : mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences. 2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment. 3. Preparations and criminal attempt. 4. General exceptions. 5. Joint and constructive liability. 6. Abetment. 7. Criminal conspiracy. 8. Offences against the State. 9. Offences against public tranquility. 10. Offences against human body. 11. Offences against property. 12. Offences against women. 13. Defamation. 14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. 15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments. 16. Plea bargaining. Law of Torts 1. Nature and definition. 2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability. 3. Vicarious liability including State Liability. 4. General defences. 5. Joint tort fessors. 6. Remedies. 7. Negligence. 8. Defamation. 9. Nuisance. 10. Conspiracy. 11. False imprisonment. 12. Malicious prosecution. 13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law 1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract. 2. Factors vitiating free consent. 3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements. 4. Performance and discharge of contracts. 5. Quasi-contracts. 6. Consequences of breach of contract. 7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance. 8. Contract of agency. 9. Sale of goods and hire purchase. 10. Formation and dissolution of partnership. 11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. 12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. 13. Standard form contracts. Contemporary Legal Developments 1. Public Interest Litigation. 2. Intellectual property rights—Concept, types/prospects. 3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws—Concept, purpose/prospects. 4. Competition Law—Concept, purpose/prospects. 5. Alternate Dispute Resolution—Concept, types/prospects. 6. Major statutes concerning environmental law. 7. Right to Information Act. 8. Trial by media. Literature of the following languages : NOTE (i).—A candidate may be required to answer some or all the Questions in the language concerned. NOTE (ii).—In regard to the languages included in the Eighth Schedule to Constitution, the scripts willbe the same as indicated in Section II (B) of Appendix I relating to the Main Examination. NOTE (iii).—Candidates should note that the questions not required to be answered in a specific language will have to be answered in the language medium indicated by them for answering papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subjects. ASSAMESE PAPER I [Answers must be written in Assamese] Section A Language (a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese Language —its position among the Indo- Aryanlanguage—periods in its history. (b) Development of Assamese prose. (c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese Language—Rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamesecoming down from Old Indo-Aryan. (d) Assamese vocabulary—and its sources. (e) Morphology of the language—conjugation—enclitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes. (f) Dilectical divergences—the Standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particular. (g) Assamese script—its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D. Section B Literary Criticism and Literary History (a) Principles of literary criticism up to New criticism. (b) Different literary genres. (c) Development of literary forms in Assamese. (d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese. (e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the charyyageeta with their socio-cultural background : the proto Assamese Pre-Sankaradeva— Sankaradeva—Post- Sankaradeva—Modern period (from the coming of the Britishers)—Post- Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki and the post- independence periods. PAPER II This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate‘scritical ability. [Answers must be written in Assamese] Section A Râmâyana (Ayodhyâ Kânda —by Madhava Kandali only) Pârijât-Harana —by Sankaradeva. Râsakrîdâ —by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa) Bârgeet —by Madhavadeva. Râjasûya —by Madhavadeva. Kathâ-Bhâgavata (Books I and II) —by Baikurthanath Bhattacharyya.Gurucarit-Kathâ (Sankaradeva‘s Part only) —ed. by Maheswar Neog. SECTION B Mor Jeevan Soñwaran —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa. Kripâbar Borbaruâr Kakatar Topola —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa. Pratimâ —by Chandra Kumar Agarwalla. Gâonburhâ —by Padmanath Gohain Barua. Manomatî —by Rajanikanta Bordoloi. Purani Asamîyâ Sâhitya —by Banikanta Kakati. Kârengar Ligirî —by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla Jeevanar Bâtat —by Bina Barva (Birinchi Kumar Barua) Mrityunjoy —by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya Samrât —by Navakanta Barua BENGALI PAPER 1 History of Language and Literature. [Answers must be written in Bengali] Section A : Topics from the History of Bangla language 1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and approximatedates). 2. Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their linguistic features. 3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics. 4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary. 5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose—Sadhu and Chalit. 6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla : Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan (Nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation), Sadrishya (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion) —Adi Svaragama, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel harmony), y— shruti and w—shruti. 7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration and Romanization. 8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla. (Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns.) Section B : Topics from the History of Bangla Literature. 1. Periodization of Bangla Literature : Old Bangla and Middle Bangla. 2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern Bangla Literature. 3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in Bangla Literature. 4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms ; Mangal Kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives (Ramayana,Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious biographies. 5. Secular forms in middle Bangla literature. 6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Bangla poetry. 7. Development of prose. 8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Post-1944 Bangla drama). 9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans. 10. Fiction, major authors : Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibhutibhusan, Tarasankar, Manik ). 11. Women and Bangla literature : creators and created. PAPER II Prescribed texts for close study [Answers must be written in Bengali] Section A 1. Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta University) Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas and Balaramdas. 2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi). 3. Chaitanya Charitamrita, Madhya Lila by Krishnadas Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi). 4. Meghnadbadh Kavya by Madhusudan Dutta. 5. Kapalkundala by Bankimchandra Chatterjee. 6. Samya and Bangadesher Krishak by Bankimchandra Chatterjee. 7. Sonar Tari by Rabindranath Tagore. 8. Chhinnapatravali by Rabindranath Tagore. Section B 9. Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore. 10. Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore. 11. Grihadaha by Saratchandra Chatterjee. 12. Prabandha Samgraha, Vol. 1, by Pramatha Choudhuri. 13. Aranyak by Bibhutibhusan Banerjee. 14. Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay : Atashi Mami, Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip, Haraner Natjamai,Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush Ditey Hoy. 15. Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das. 16. Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri. 17. Ebam Indrajit by Badal Sircar. BODO PAPER I History of Bodo Language and Literature [Answers must be written in Bodo] Section A History of Bodo Language Homeland, language family, its present status and its mutual contact with Assamese. 1. (a) phonemes : Vowel and Consonant Phonemes. (b) Tones. 2. Morphology : Gender, Case and Case endings, Plural suffix, Definitives, Verbal suffix. 3. Vocabulary and its sources. 4. Syntax : Types of sentences, Word Order. 5. History of scripts used in writing Bodo Language since inception. Section B History of Bodo Literature 1. General introduction of Bodo folk Literature. 2. Contribution of the Missionaries. 3. Periodization of Bodo Literature. 4. Critical analysis of different genre (Poetry, Novel, Short Story and Drama). 5. Translation Literature. Paper II The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the criticalability of the candidates. (Answers must be written in Bodo) Section A (a) Khonthai-Methai (Edited by Madaram Brahma & Rupnath Brahma) (b) Hathorkhi-Hala (Edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma) (c) Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz : Madaram Brahma (d) Raja Nilambar : Dwarendra Nath Basumatary (e) Bibar (prose section) (Edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary). Section B (a) Bibi Bithai (Aida Nwi) : Bihuram Boro (b) Radab : Samar Brahma Chaudhury (c) Okhrang Gongse Nangou : Brajendra Kumar Brahma (d) Baisagu Arw Harimu : Laksheswar Brahma (e) Gwdan Boro : Manoranjan Lahary (f) Jujaini Or : Chittaranjan Muchahary (g) Mwihoor : Dharanidhar Wary (h) Hor Badi Khwmsi : Kamal Kumar Brahma (i) Jaolia Dewan : Mangal Singh Hozowary (j) Hagra Guduni Mwi : Nilkamal Brahma DOGRI PAPER I HISTORY OF DOGRI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (Answers must be written in Dogri) Section A History of Dogri Language 1. Dogri language: Origin and development through different stages. 2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects. 3. Characteristic features of Dogri Language. 4. Structure of Dogri Language: (a) Sound Structure: Segmental : Vowels and Consonants Non-segmental : Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone and Juncture. (b) Morphology of Dogri: (i) Inflection Categories: Gender, Number, Case, Person, Tense and Voice. (ii) Word Formation; use of prefixes, infixes and suffixes. (iii) Vocabulary: tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and regional. (c) Sentence Structure; Major Sentence-types and their constituents, agreement and concord in Dogri syntax. 5. Dogri Language and Scripts: Dogre/Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari and Persia. Section B History of Dogri Literature 1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature: Poetry & Prose. 2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry. 3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends and prominent short-story writers. 4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends and contribution of Dogri Novelists. 5. Development of Dogri Drama and contribution of prominent playwrights. 6. Development of Dogri Prose; Essays, Memoirs and travelogues. 7. An introduction to Dogri Folk Literature—Folk songs, Folk tales 7 Ballads. PAPER -II TEXTUAL CRITICISM OF DOGRI LITERATURE (Answers must be written in Dogri) Section A Poetry 1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita The following poets: Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram & Permanand Almast 2. Modern Dogri Poetry Azadi Bad Di Dogri KavitaThe following poets : Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev, JitendraUdhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi 3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal AnkThe following poets : Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar 4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147, Ghazal AnkThe following poets: R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi. 5. Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (up to Ayodhya Kand) 6. Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant. Section B Prose 1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani The following Short Story Writers : Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuri and B.P. Sathe 2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II The following Short Story Writers : Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chahttrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and Ratan Kesar. 3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II The following Story Writers : Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma. 4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma. 5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan. 6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi. 7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh. 8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays).The following play wrights : Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan Sharma. 9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh The following authors: Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi. ENGLISH The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand and critical reading of texts prescribed from thefollowing periods in English Literature : Paper 1 : 1600-1900 and Paper 2 : 1900–1990. There will be two compulsory questions in each paper : (a) A short-notes question related to the topics for generalstudy, and (b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose and verse. PAPER I (Answers must be written in English) Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge of thefollowing topics and movements : The Renaissance; Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-epic; Neo- classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age. Section A 1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest. 2. John Donne. The following poems : –Canonization; –Death be not proud; –The Good Morrow; –On his Mistress going to bed; –The Relic; 3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX. 4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock. 5. William Wordsworth. The following poems : – Ode on Intimations of Immortality. – Tintern Abbey. – Three years she grew. – She dwelt among untrodden ways. – Michael. – Resolution and Independence. – The World is too much with us. – Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour. – Upon Westminster Bridge. 6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam. 7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll‘s House. Section B 1. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver‘s Travels. 2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice. 3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones. 4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times. 5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss. 6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d‘Urbervilles. 7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. PAPER II (Answers must be written in English) Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements : Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Post- Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and Feminist approaches to literature; Post- Modernism. Section A 1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems : – Easter 1916. – The Second Coming. – A Prayer for my daughter. – Sailing to Byzantium. – The Tower. – Among School Children. – Leda and the Swan. – Meru. – Lapis Lazuli. – The Second Coming. – Byzantium. 2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems : – The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. – Journey of the Magi. – Burnt Norton. 3. W.H. Auden. The following poems : – Partition – Musee des Beaux Arts – In Memory of W.B. Yeats – Lay your sleeping head, my love – The Unknown Citizen – Consider – Mundus Et Infans – The Shield of Achilles – September 1, 1939 – Petition 4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger. 5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot. 6. Philip Larkin. The following poems : – Next – Please – Deceptions – Afternoons – Days – Mr. Bleaney 7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems : – Looking for a Cousin on a Swing – A River – Of Mothers, among other Things – Love Poem for a Wife 1 – Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House (All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets, edited by R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi). Section B 1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim. 2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. 3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers. 4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India. 5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway. 6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura. 7. V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr. Biswas. GUJARATI PAPER I (Answers must be written in Gujarati) Section A Gujarati Language : Form and History (1) History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one thousand years. (2) Significant features of the Gujarati language : phonology, morphology and syntax. (3) Major dialects : Surti, pattani, charotari and Saurashtri. History of Gujarati literatureMedieval : 4. Jaina tradition 5. Bhakti tradition : Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi) 6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara) Modern : 7. Sudharak yug 8. Pandit yug 9. Gandhi yug 10. Anu-Gandhi yug 11. Adhunik yug Section B Literary Forms : (Salient features, history and development of the following literary forms :) (a) Medieval 1. Narratives : Rasa, Akhyan and Padyavarta 2. Lyrical: Pada (b) Folk 3. Bhavai (c) Modern 4. Fiction : Novel and Short Story 5. Drama 6. Literary Essay 7. Lyrical Poetry (d) Criticism 8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism 9. Recent research in folk tradition. PAPER II (Answers must be written in Gujarati) The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability ofthe candidate. Section A 1. Medieval (i) Vasantvilas phagu—AJNATKRUT (ii) Kadambari—BHALAN (iii) Sudamacharitra—PREMANAND (iv) Chandrachandravatini varta—SHAMAL (v) Akhegeeta—AKHO 2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug (vi) Mari Hakikat—NARMADASHA (vii) Farbasveerah—DALPATRAM (viii) Saraswatichandra-Part 1—GOVARDHANRAM TRIPATHI (ix) Purvalap—‗KANT‘ (MANISHANKAR RATNAJI BHATT) (x) Raino Parvat—RAMANBHAI NEELKANTH Section B 1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug (i) Hind Swaraj—MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI (ii) Patanni Prabhuta—KANHAIYALAL MUNSHI (iii) Kavyani Shakti—RAMNARAYAN VISHWANATH PATHAK (iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar-Part 1—ZAVERCHAND MEGHANI (v) Manvini Bhavai—PANNALAL PATEL (vi) Dhvani—RAJENDRA SHAH 2. Adhunik yug (vii) Saptapadi—UMASHANKAR JOSHI (viii) Janantike—SURESH JOSHI (ix) Ashwatthama—SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA. HINDI PAPER I (Answers must be written in Hindi) Section A 1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi. II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as Literary language during medieval period. III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi. IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century. V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi. VI. Development of Hindi as a National Language during freedom movement. VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India. VIII. Scientific & Technical Development of Hindi Language. IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship. X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi. XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi. Section B 2. History of Hindi Literature I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature. II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.A : Adikal—Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya. Prominent poets—Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati. B : Bhaktikal—Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara. Prominent Poets—Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi. C : Ritikal—Ritikavya, Ritibaddhkavya & Riti Mukta Kavya. Prominent Poets—Keshav, Bihari, Padmakarand Ghananand. D : Adhunik Kal— a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal. b. Prominent Writers—Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra. c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeetand Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita. Prominent Poets—Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun. 3. Katha Sahitya A : Upanyas & Realism B : The origin and development of Hindi Novels. C : Prominent Novelists—Premchand, Jain-endra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani. D : The origin and development of Hindi short story. E : Prominent Short Story Writers—Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti. 4. Drama & Theatre A : The Origin & Development of Hindi Drama. B : Prominent Dramatists—Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh. C : The development of Hindi Theatre. 5. Criticism A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi. Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana. B : Prominent critics—Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra. 6. The other form of Hindi prose—Lalit Nibandh,Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant. PAPER II (Answers must be written in Hindi) The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of thecandidates. Section A 1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis) 2. Soordas : Bhramar Geetsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas) 3. Tulsidas : Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttarkand) 4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand) 5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas) 6. Maithili Sharan : Bharat BharatiGupta 7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg) 8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Pooja & Kukurmutta) 9. Dinkar : Kurukshetra 10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Veena) 11. Muktiboth : Brahm Rakhashas 12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha. Section B 1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha 2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashadh Ka Ek Din 3. Ramchandra : Chintamani (Part I) (Kavita Kya Shukla Hai, Shraddha Aur Bhakti) 4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya—Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, RamVilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai. 5. Premchand Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai/Manjusha—Prem Chand kiSarvashreshtha Kahaniyan. Ed. Amrit Rai. 6. Prasad : Skandgupta 7. Yashpal : Divya 8. Phaniswar Nath : Maila AnchalRenu 9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj 10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories) KANNADA PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Kannada) Section A A. History of Kannada Language What is Language ? General characteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its specificfeatures. Antiquity of Kannada Language. Different phases of its Development. Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social. Various aspects of developments of Kannada Language:phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing. B. History of Kannada Literature Ancient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends, Poets for study : Specified poets from Pampa to Ratnakara Varniare to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression : Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra. Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends. Vachana Literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi. Medieval Poets : Harihara, Raghavanka, Kumara-Vyasa.Dasa literature : Purandara and Kanaka. Sangataya : Ratnakarvarni C. Modern Kannada literature : Influence, trends and ideologies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita and Bandaya. Section B A. Poetics and Literary Criticism Definition and concepts of poetry; Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya. Interpretations of Rasa Sutra. Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical, Marxist, Feminist,Post-colonial criticism. B. Cultural History of Karnataka Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka: Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context. Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural contribution. Arts of Karnataka ; Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance—in the literary context.Unification of Karnataka and its impact of Kannada literature. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Kannada) The Paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical abilityof the candidates. Section A A. Old Kannada Literature 1. Vikramaarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (Cantos 12 & 13), (Mysore University Pub.) 2. Vaddaraadhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, Vidyutchorana Kathe) B. Medieval Kannada Literature 1. Vachana, Kammata, Ed. K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Nagaraj (Bangalore University Pub.) 2. Janapriya Kanakasamputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and Culture Directorate, Bangalore) 3. Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed., T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore) 4. Kumaravyasa Bharata : Karna Parva (Mysore University) 5. Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed Ta. Su. Shama Rao (Mysore University) Section B A. Modern Kannada Literature 1. Poetry : Hosagannada Kavite, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu, Bangalore) 2. Novel : Bettada Jeeva—Shivarama Karanta Madhavi—Anupama Niranjana Odalaala-Deva- nuruMahadeva 3. Short Story : Kannada Sanna Kathegalu, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Sahitya Academy, New Delhi) 4. Drama : Shudra Tapaswi—Kuvempu. Tughalak—Girish Karnad. 5. Vichara Sahitya : Devaru—A.N. Moorty Rao (Pub: D.V.K. Moorty, Mysore.) B. Folk Literature : 1. Janapada Swaroopa—Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore.) 2. Janpada Geetaanjali—Ed. D. Javare Gowda. (Pub : Sahitya Academy, New Delhi). 3. Kannada Janapada Kathegalu—Ed. J.S. Paramashiviaah (Mysore University). 4. Beedi Makkalu Beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara (Pub : Bangalore University). 5. Savirada Ogatugalu—Ed. S.G. Imrapura. KASHMIRI PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Kashmiri) Section A 1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories. 2. Areas of occurence and dialects (geographical/social) 3. Phonology and grammar: i. Vowel and consonant system; ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections; iii. Verbs: various types and tenses. 4. Syntactic structure: i. Simple, active and declarative statements; ii. Coordination; iii. Relativisation. Section B 1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special reference to LalDyad and Sheikhul Alam). 2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres : vatsun; ghazal and mathnavi. 3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; variousliterary influences). 4. Modern Kashmiri literature (with special reference to the development of the short story, drama, novel andnazm). PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Kashmiri) Section A 1. Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry up to the nineteenth century : (i) Lal Dyad, (ii) Sheikhul Aalam (iii) Habba Khatoon 2. Kashmiri poetry : 19th Century (i) Mahmood Gami (Vatsans) (ii) Maqbool shah (Gulrez) (iii) Rasool Mir (Ghazals) (iv) Abdul Ahad Nadim (N’at) (v) Krishanjoo Razdan (Shiv Lagun) (vi) Sufi Poets (Test in Sanglaab, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir) 3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in Azich Kashir Shairi, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir). 4. Literary criticism and research work : development and various trends. Section B 1. An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri. (i) Afsana Majmu’a, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir. (ii) Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya Akademi. (iii) Hamasar Kashur Afsana, published by the Sahitya Akademi. The following short story writers only : Akhtar Mohi-ud Din, Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul Bharti, BansiNirdosh, Gulshan Majid. 2. Novel in Kashmiri : (i) Mujrim by G. N. Gowhar (ii) Marun—Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoy‘s) The Death of Ivan Ilyich (published by KashmiriDeptt.) 3. Drama in Kashmiri : (i) Natuk Kariv Band by Hari Krishan Kaul (ii) Qk Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu, published by the Sahitya Akademi. (iii) Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by the Sahitya Akademi. 4. Kashmiri Folk Literature : (i) Kashur Luki Theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat,published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University ofKashmir. (ii) Kashiry Luki Beeth (all volumes) published by the J&K Cultural Akademy. KONKANI PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Konkani) Section A History of the Konkani Language : (i) Origin and development of the language and influences on it. (ii) Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features. (iii) Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables andvoices. (iv) Old Standard Konkani, New Standard and Standardisation problems. Section B History of Konkani Literature Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani literature and its social and cultural backgroundand consider the problems and issues arising out of them. (i) History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its majorworks, writers and movements. (ii) Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time. (iii) Indian and Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times. (iv) Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Konkani) Textual Criticism of Konkani Literature The paper will be designed to test the candidate‘s critical and analytical abilities. Candidates would be expectedto be well-acquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have first-hand reading of the following texts : Section A : Prose 1. (a) Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. by Prof : Olivinho Gomes. (b) Old Konkani language and literature—the Portuguese Role 2. (a) Otmo Denvcharak—a novel by A. V. da Cruz. (b) Vadoll ani Varem—a novel by Antonio Pereira. (c) Devache Kurpen—a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha. 3. (a) Vajralikhani—Shenoy goem-bab-An anthology-ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar. (b) Konkani Lalit Niband—Essays-ed. by Shyam Verenkar. (c) Teen Dasakam—An anthology—ed. by Chandrakant Keni. 4. (a) Demand—Drama-by Pundalik Naik. (b) Kadambini: A Miscellany of Modern Prose—ed. by Prof. O.J.F. Gomes and Smt. P.S. Tadkodkar. (c) Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo—by Smt. Jayanti Naik. Section B : Poetry 1. (a) Ev ani Mori : Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza. (b) Abravanchem Yadnyadan—by Luis Mascarenhas. 2. (a) Godde Ramayan—ed. by R.K. Rao. (b) Ratnahar I and II—collection of poems—ed. R. V. Pandit. 3. (a) Zayo Zuyo—poems- Manohar L. Sardessai. (b) Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi—Anthology of Poems—ed. Pratap Naik. 4. (a) Adrushatache Kalle—Poems by Pandurang Bhangui. (b) Yaman—Poems by Madhav Borkar. MAITHILI PAPER I HISTORY OF MAITHILI LANGUAGE AND ITS LITERATURE (Answers must be written in Maithili) PART A History of Maithili Language 1. Place of Maithili in Indo-European Language family. 2. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili) 3. Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, Middle era, Modern era). 4. Maithili and its different dialects. 5. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern languages (Bengali, Asamese, Oriya) 6. Origin and Development of Tirhuta Script. 7. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language. PART B History of Maithili Literature 1. Background of Maithili Literature (Religious, Economic, Social, Cultural). 2. Periodic division of Maithili literature. 3. Pre-Vidyapati Literature. 4. Vidyapati and his tradition. 5. Medieval Maithili Drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankia Nat, Maithili dramas written in Nepal). 6. Maithili Folk Literature (Folk Tales, Folk Drama, Folk Stories, Folk Songs). 7. Development of different literary forms in modern era : (a) Prabandh-kavya (b) Muktak-kavya (c) Novel (d) Short Story (e) Drama (f) Essay (g) Criticism (h) Memoirs (i) Translation 8. Development of Maithili Magazines and Journals. PAPER -II (Answers must be written in Maithili) The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates. PART A Poetry 1. Vidyapati Geet-Shati—Publisher : Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi (Lyrics— 1 to 50) 2. Govind Das Bhajanavali—Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, Patna (Lyrics— 1 to 25) 3. Krishnajanm—Manbodh 4. Mithilabhasha Ramayana—Chanda Jha (only Sunder-Kand) 5. Rameshwar Charit Mithila Ramayan—Lal Das (only Bal-kand) 6. Keechak-Vadh—Tantra Nath Jha. 7. Datta-Vati—Surendra Jah ‘Suman’ (only 1st and 2nd Cantos). 8. Chitra-Yatri 9. Samakaleen Maithili Kavita—Publisher: Sahitaya Akademi, New Delhi. PART-B 10. Varna Ratnakar—Jyotirishwar (only 2nd Kallol) 11. Khattar Kakak Tarang—Hari Mohan Jha 12. Lorik—Vijaya Manipadma 13. Prithvi Putra—Lalit 14. Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi—Sudhanshu ‗Shekhar‘ Choudhary 15. Kriti Rajkamlak—Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna (First Ten Stories only) 16. Katha–Sangrah–Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna. MALAYALAM PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Malayalam) Section A 1—Early phase of Malayalam Language : 1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit. 1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malayalam : Six nayas of A. R. Rajarajavarma. 1.3 Pattu School—Definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works—Niranam works and Krishnagatha. 2—Linguistic features of : 2.1 Manipravalam—definition. Language of early manipravala works—Champu, Sandesakavya, Chandrotsava,minor works. Later manipravala works—medieval Champu and Attakkatha. 2.2 Folklore—Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs. 2.3 Early Malayalam Prose—Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and Nambiantamil. 3—Standardisation of Malayalam : 3.1 Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullal. 3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam. 3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; Malayalam as administrative language. Language of scientificand technical literature—media language. Section B LITERARY HISTORY 4—Ancient and Medieval Literature : 4.1 Pattu—Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and Krishnagatha. 4.2 Manipravalam—early and medieval manipravalam works including attakkatha and champu. 4.3 Folk Literature. 4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya. 5—Modern Literature—Poetry : 5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries. 5.2 The advent of Romanticism—Poetry of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol. 5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya. 5.4 Modernism in Malayalam Poetry. 6—Modern Literature—Prose : 6.1 Drama. 6.2 Novel. 6.3 Short story. 6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Malayalam) This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability. Section A Unit 1 1.1 Ramacharitam—Patalam 1. 1.2 Kannassaramayanam—Balakandam first 25 stanzas. 1.3 Unnunilisandesam—Purvabhagam 25 slokas including Prastavana. 1.4 Mahabharatham Kilippattu—Bhishmaparvam. Unit 2 2.1 Kumaran Asan—Chintavisthayaya Sita. 2.2 Vailoppilli—Kutiyozhikkal. 2.3 G. Sankara Kurup—Perunthachan. 2.4 N. V. Krishna Variar—Tivandiyile pattu. Unit 3 3.1 O. N. V.—Bhumikkoru Charamagitam. 3.2 Ayyappa Panicker—Kurukshetram. 3.3 Akkittam—Pandatha Messanthi. 3.4 Attur Ravivarma—Megharupan. Unit 4 4.1 O. Chanthu Menon—Indulekha. 4.2 Thakazhy—Chemmin. 4.3 O. V. Vijayan—Khasakkinte Ithihasam. Unit 5 5.1 M. T. Vasudevan Nair—Vanaprastham (Collection). 5.2 N. S. Madhavan—Higvitta (Collection). 5.3 C. J. Thomas—1128-il Crime 27. Unit 6 6.1 Kuttikrishna Marar—Bharataparyatanam. 6.2 M. K. Sanu—Nakshatrangalute Snehabhajanam. 6.3 V. T. Bhatttathirippad—Kannirum Kinavum. MANIPURI PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Manipuri) Section A Language : (a) General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history of its development; its importance and status among the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri Language; evolutionand study of old Manipuri script. (b) Significant features of Manipuri Language : (i) Phonology : Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence, syllable-its structure, pattern and types. (ii) Morphology : Word-class, root and its types; affix and its types; grammatical categories-gender, number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of compounding (samas and sandhi). (iii) Syntax : Word order; types of sentences, phrase and clause structures. Section B (a) Literary History of Manipuri : Early period (up to 17th Century)–Social and cultural background; Themes, diction and style of the works. Medieval period (18th and 19th Century)-Social, religious and political background; Themes, diction and style ofthe works. Modern period-Growth of major literary forms; change of Themes, diction and style. (b) Manipuri Folk Literature : Legend, Folktale, Folksong, Ballad, Proverb and Riddle. (c) Aspects of Manipuri Culture : Pre-Hindu Manipuri Faith; Advent of Hinduism and the process of syncreticism; Performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras; Indegenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, Kang. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Manipuri) This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test candidate‘s criticalability to assess them. Section A Old and Medieval Manipuri Literature : (a) Old Manipuri Literature : 1. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Numit Kappa 2. M. Gourachandra Singh (Ed.) : Thawanthaba Hiran 3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba 4. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Panthoibi Khonggul (b) Medieval Manipuri Literature : 1. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Samsok Ngamba 2. R.K. Snahal Singh (Ed.) : Ramayana Adi Kanda 3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Dhananjoy Laibu Ningba 4. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Chandrakirti Jila Changba Section B Modern Manipuri Literature : (a) Poetry and Epic : (I) Poetry : (a) Manipuri Sheireng (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (Ed.) Kh. Chaoba Singh : Pi Thadoi, Lamgi Chekla Amada, LoktakDr. L. Kamal Singh : Nirjanata, Nirab Rajani A. Minaketan Singh : Kamalda, Nonggumlalkkhoda. L. Samarendra Singh : Ingagi Nong, Mamang Leikai Thambal Satle E. Nilakanta Singh : Manipur, LamangnabaShri Biren : Tangkhul Hui Th. Ibopishak : Anouba Thunglaba Jiba. (b) Kanchi Sheireng. (Pub) Manipur University 1998 (Ed.)Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Biswa Prem Shri Biren : Chaphadraba Laigi Yen Th. Ibopishak : Norok Patal Prithivi (II)Epic : 1. A. Dorendrajit Singh : Kansa Bodha 2. H. Anganghal Singh : Khamba-Thoibi Sheireng (San-Senba, Lei Langba, Shamu Khonggi Bichar) (III) Drama : 1. S. Lalit Singh : Areppa Marup 2. G.C. Tongbra : Matric Pass 3. A. Samarendra : Judge Saheb ki Imung (b) Novel, Short-story and Prose : (I) Novel : 1. Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Madhabi 2. H. Anganghal Singh : Jahera 3. H. Guno Singh : Laman 4. Pacha Meetei : Imphal Amasung, Magi Ishing, Nungsitki Phibam (II) Short-story : (a) Kanchi Warimacha (Pub) Manipur University 1997(Ed.) R.K. Shitaljit Singh : Kamala Kamala 258 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC.1] M.K. Binodini : Eigi Thahoudraba Heitup Lalu Kh. Prakash : Wanom Shareng (b) Parishadki Khangatlaba Warimacha (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad 1994 (Ed.) S. Nilbir Shastri : Loukhatpa R.K. Elangba : Karinunggi (c) Anouba Manipuri Warimacha (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.) N. Kunjamohon Singh : Ijat Tanba E. Dinamani : Nongthak Khongnang (III) Prose : (a) Warenggi Saklon [Due Part] (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.) Kh. Chaoba Singh : Khamba-Thoibigi Wari Amasung Mahakavya (b) Kanchi Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1998 (Ed.) B. Manisana Shastri : Phajaba Ch. Manihar Singh : Lai-Haraoba (c) Apunba Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1986 (Ed.)Ch. Pishak Singh : Samaj Amasung Sanskriti M.K. Binodini : Thoibidu Warouhouida Eric Newton : Kalagi Mahousa (translated by I.R. Babu) (d) Manipuri Wareng (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1999 (Ed.) S. Krishnamohan Singh : Lan MARATHI PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Marathi) Section A Language and Folk-lore (a) Nature and Functions of Language(with reference to Marathi) Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic Language; Standard Language anddialect; Language variations according to social parameters. Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century. (b) Dialects of Marathi Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi. (c) Marathi Grammar Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice). (d) Nature and kinds of Folk lore (with special reference to Marathi) Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya. Section B (History of Literature and Literary Criticism) (a) History of Marathi Literature 1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar Literature. 2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms : Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit, Gramin, Feminist. (b) Literary Criticism 1. Nature and function of Literature; 2. Evaluation of Literature; 3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism; 4. Literature, Culture and Society. PAPER-II (Answer must be written in Marathi) Textual study of prescribed literary works. The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate'scritical ability. Section A (Prose) (1) ‗Smritisthala‘ (2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule ‗‗Shetkaryacha Asud‘ ‗Sarvajanik Satyadharma‘ (3) S.V. Ketkar ‗Brahmankanya‘ (4) P.K. Atre ‗Sashtang Namaskar‘ (5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh ‗Jana Hey Volatu Jethe‘ (6) Uddhav Shelke ‗Shilan‘ (7) Baburao Bagul ‗Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti‘ (8) Gouri Deshpande ‗Ekek Paan Galavaya‘ (9) P.I. Sonkamble ‗Athavaninche Pakshi‘ Section B (Poetry) (1) ‗Namadevanchi Abhangawani‘ Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, MirajkarModern Book Depot, Pune (2) ‗Painjan‘ Ed : M.N. Adwant Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur (3) ‗Damayanti-Swayamvar‘ By Raghunath Pandit (4) ‗Balakvinchi Kavita‘ By Balkavi (5) ‗Vishakha‘ By Kusumagraj (6) ‗Maridgandh‘ By Vinda Karandikar (7) ‗Jahirnama‘ By Narayan Surve (8) ‗Sandhyakalchya Kavita‘ By Grace (9) ‗Ya SattetJeev Ramat Nahi‘By Namdev Dhasal NEPALI PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Nepali) Section A 1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo Aryan Languages. 2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology : (i) Nominal forms and categories :— Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas (ii) Verbal forms and categories :— Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes (iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana; 3. Major Dialects of Nepali 4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language movements (viz. HalantaBahiskar, Jharrovad etc.) 5. Teaching of Nepali language in India—Its history and development with special reference to its socio- culturalaspects. Section B 1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India. 2. Fundamental concepts and theories of Literature : Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy, Aesthetics,Stylistics. 3. Major literary trends and movements— Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, Ayamik Movement Contemporary Nepali writings,Postmodernism. 4. Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only)—Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Nepali) This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be designed to test thecandidate's critical acumen. Section A 1. Santa Jnandil Das Udaya Lahari 2. Lekhnath Poudyal Tarun Tapasi (Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only) 3. Agam Sing Giri Jaleko Pratibimba Royeko Pratidhwani (The following Poems only-Prasawako Chichyahatsanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha Ujyalo, Tihar). 4. Haribhakta Katuwal Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only-Jeevan : Ek Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka Tara Ke Tara, Hamilai Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Manyata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko). 5. Balkrishna Sama Prahlad. 6. Manbahadur Mukhia Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act only-Andhyaroma Banchneharu' ‗Suskera‘) Section B 1. Indra Sundas Sahara. 2. Lilbahadur Chhetri Brahmaputra ko Chheuchhau 3. Rupnarayan Sinha Katha Navaratna (The following stories only—Biteka Kura, Jimmewari Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema—Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan). 4. Indrabahadur Rai Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only—Raatbhari Huri Chalyo, Jayamaya Aphumatra Lekhapani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu, Chhutuaiyo). 5. Sanu Lama Katha Sampaad (The following stories only—Swasni Manchhey, Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey). 6. Laxmi Prasad Laxmi Nibandha DevkotaSangraha (The following essays only—Sri Ganeshaya Namha, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus, Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman ki Guru?) 7. Ramkrishna Sharma Das Gorkha (The following essays only—Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya, Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali Sahityako Pragati). ODIA PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Odia) Section A History of Odia Language (i) Origin and development of Odia Language—Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso— Arabic and Englishon Odia Language. (ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Odia sounds. (iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes,case inflection, conjugation of verb. (iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their trans-formation, structure of sentences. (v) Semantics—Different types of change in meaning. Euphemism. (vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences. (vii) Regional variations in Odia Language (Western, Southern and Northern Odia) and Dialects (Bhatri and Desia). Section B History of Odia Literature (i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Odia Literature of different periods. (ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis. (iii) Typical structural forms of Odia Literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu). (iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel essay and literary criticism. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Odia) Critical Study of texts— The paper will require first hand reading of the text and test the critical ability of the candidate. Section APoetry (Ancient) 1. Sãralã Dãs—Shanti Parva from Mahãbhãrata. 2. Jaganãth Dãs—Bhãgabata, XI Skadhã—Jadu Avadhuta Sambãda. (Medieval) 3. Dinakrushna Dãs—Raskallola—(Chhãndas—16 & 34) 4. Upendra Bhanja—Lãvanyabati (Chhãndas—1 & 2). (Modern) 5. Rãdhãnath Rãy—Chandrabhãgã. 6. Mãyãdhar Mänasinha—Jeevan—Chitã. 7. Sãtchidananda Routray—Kabitã—1962. 8. Ramãkãnta Ratha—Saptama Ritu. Section B Drama : 9. Manoranjan Dãs—Kätha-Ghoda. 10. Bijay Mishra—Tata Niranjanä. Novel : 11. Fakir Mohan Senãpati—Chhamãna Ãthaguntha. 12. Gopinãth Mohãnty—Dãnãpani. Short Story : 13. Surendra Mohãnty—Marãlara Mrityu. 14. Manoj Dãs—Laxmira Abhisãra. Essay : 15. Chittaranjan Dãs—Tranga O Tadit (First Five essays). 16. Chandra Sekhar Rath—Mun SatyadharmãKahuchhi (First five essays). PUNJABI PAPER-I Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script Section A (a) Origin of Punjabi Language; different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi Language; characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones; classification of vowels and consonants. (b) Punjabi morphology; the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different categories of Post positions; Punjabi word formation; Tatsam. Tad Bhav. forms; Sentence structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi; Noun and verb phrases. (c) Language and dialect : the notions of dialect and idiolect: major dialects of Punjabi : Pothohari, Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Paudhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification, the distinctive features of various dialects with special reference to tones Language and script; origin and development of Gurumukhi; Suitability of Gurumukhi for Punjabi. (d) Classical background : Nath Jogi Sahit. Medieval Literature : Gurmat, Suti, Kissa and Var : Janamsakhis. Section B (a) Modern trends Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J. S. Neki). Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal). Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh). Neo-progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar). (b) Folk Literature Folk songs, Folk tales, Riddles, Proverbs. Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh Azad, Mohan Singh). Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar, HarbhajanSingh). (c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu). Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir, Gurdial Singh,Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan). Short Story (Sujan Singh, K. S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu). (d) Socio-cultural Sanskrit, Persian and Western. Literary influences; Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh). Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Sayyad). PAPER-II Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate‘scritical ability. Section A (a) Sheikh Farid The complete Bani as included in the Adi Granth. (b) Guru Nanak Japu Ji. Baramah. Asa di Var. (c) Bulleh Shah Kafian (d) Waris Shah Heer Section B (a) Shah Mohammad Jangnama (Jang Singhan te Firangian) Dhani Ram Chatrik Chandan Vari (Poet) Sufi Khana Nawan Jahan (b) Nanak Singh Chitta Lahu (Novelist) Pavittar Papi Ek Mian Do Talwaran (c) Gurbaksh Singh Zindagi-di-Ras (Essayist) Nawan Shivala Merian Abhul Yadaan. Balraj Sahni Mera Roosi Safarnama (Travelogue) Mera Pakistani Safarnama (d) Balwant Gargi Loha Kutt (Dramatist) Dhuni-di-Agg Sultan RaziaSant Singh Sekhon Sahityarth (Critic) Parsidh Punjabi Kavi Punjabi Kav Shiromani. SANSKRIT PAPER-I There will be three questions as indicated in the Question Paper which must be answered in Sanskrit. TheRemaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate. Section A 1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari andKarmani vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit). 2. (a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language (b) Prominent feature of classical Sanskrit language (c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies 3. General Knowledge of :— (a) Literary history of Sanskrit (b) Principal trends of literary criticism (c) Ramayana (d) Mahabharata (e) The origin and development of literary geners of : Mahakavya Rupaka (drama) Katha Akhyayika Campu Khandakavya Muktaka Kavya. Section B 4. Essential of Indian Culture with stress on : (a) Purusãrthas (b) Samskãras (c) Varnãsramavyavasthã (d) Arts and fine arts (e) Technical Sciences. 5. Trends of Indian Philosophy (a) Mïmansã (b) Vedãnta (c) Nyaya (d) Vaisesika (e) Sãnkhya (f) Yoga (g) Bauddha (h) Jaina (i) Carvãka 6. Short Essay (in Sanskrit) 7. Unseen passage with the questions (to be answered in Sanskrit). PAPER-II Question from Group 4 is to be answered in Sanskrit only. Questions from Groups 1, 2 and 3 are to beanswered either in Sanskrit or in the medium opted by the candidate. Section A General study of the following groups :— Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—Kalidasa (b) Kumarasambhavam—Kalidasa (c) Kiratarjuniyam—Bharavi (d) Sisupalavadham—Magha (e) Naisadhiyacaritam—Sriharsa (f) Kadambari—Banabhatta (g) Dasakumaracaritam—Dandin (h) Sivarajyodayam—S.B. Varnekar Group 2 (a) Isãvãsyopanisad (b) Bhagavadgitã (c) Sundarakanda of Valmiki‘s Ramayana (d) Arthasastra of Kautilya Group 3 (a) Svapanavasavadattam—Bhasa (b) Abhijnanasakuntalam—Kalidasa (c) Mricchakatikam—Sudraka (d) Mudraraksasam—Visakhadatta (e) Uttararamacaritam—Bhavbhuti (f) Ratnavali—Sriharshavardhana (g) Venisamharam—Bhattanarayana Group 4 Short notes in Sanskrit on the following :— (a) Meghadutam—Kalidasa (b) Nitisatakam—Bhartrhari (c) Pancatantra— (d) Rajatarangini—Kalhana (e) Harsacaritam—Banabhatta (f) Amarukasatakam—Amaruka (g) Gitagovindam—Jayadeva. Section B This section will require first hand reading of the following selected texts :— (Questions from Groups 1 & 2 are to be answered in Sanskrit only) Questions from Groups 3 and 4 are to be answered either in Sanskrit or in the Medium opted by the candidate. Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—Canto I, Verses 1 to 10 (b) Kumarasambhavam—Canto I, Verses 1 to 10 (c) Kiratarjuniyaue—Canto I, Verses 1 to 10 Group 2 (a) Isavasyopanisad—Verses—1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 18 (b) Bhagavatgita II Chapter Verses 13 to 25 (c) Sundarakandam of Valmiki Canto 15, Verses 15 to 30 (Geeta Press Edition) Group 3 (a) Meghadutam—Verses 1 to 10 (b) Nitisatakam—Verses 1 to 10 (Edited by D.D. Kosambi Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Publication) (c) Kadambari—Sukanasopadesa (only) Group 4 (a) Svapnavasavadattam Act VI (b) Abhijnansakuntalam Act IV Verses 15 to 30 (M.R. Kale Edition) (c) Uttararamacaritam Act I Verses 31 to 47 (M.R. Kale Edition). SANTHALI PAPER I (Answers must be written in Santhali) Section A Part I—History of Santhali Language 1. Main Austric Language family, population and distribution. 2. Grammatical structure of Santhali Language. 3. Important character of Santhali Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Translation, Lexicography. 4. Impact of other languages of Santhali. 5. Standardization of Santhali Language. Part II—History of Santhali Literature 1. Literary trend of the following four periods of history of Santhali Literature. (a) Ancient Literature before 1854. (b) Missionary period Literature between 1855 to 1889 AD. (c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 AD. (d) Modern period : Literature from 1947 AD to till date. 2. Writing tradition in History of Santhali literature. Section-B Literary forms—Main characteristics, history and development of following literary forms. Part I Folk Literature in Santhali—folk song, folk tale, phrase, idioms puzzles, and Kudum. Part II Modern literature in Santhali 1. Development of poetry and prominent poets. 2. Development of prose and prominent writers. (i) Novels and prominent Novelists. (ii) Stories and prominent story writers. (iii) Drama and Prominent Dramatist. (iv) Criticism and prominent critics. (v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues and prominent writers. Santhali writers Shyam Sundar Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu, Narayan Soren ‗Toresutam‘, Sarda Prasad Kisku, Raghunath Tudu, Kalipada Soren, Sakla Soren, Digamber Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‗Santhali‘, Babulal Murmu ‗Adivasi‘, Jadumani Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath Mandi, Mahadev, Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu, Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Uday Nath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske, Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti Beshra, T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu. Part III Cultural Heritage of Santhali tradition, customs, festival and rituals (birth, marriage and death). PAPER II (Answers must be written in Santhali) Section A This paper will require in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the candidates‘ critical ability. Ancient Literature : Prose (a) Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi—Majhi Ramdas Tudu ―Rasika‖. (b) Mare Hapramko Reyak Katha—L.O. Scrafsrud. (c) Jomsim Binti Lita—Mangal Chandra Turkulumang Soren. (d) Marang Buru Binti—Kanailal Tudu. Poetry (a) Karam Sereng—Nunku Soren. (b) Devi Dasain Sereng—Manindra Hansda. (c) Horh Sereng—W.G. Archer. (d) Baha Sereng—Balaram Tudu. (e) Dong Sereng—Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‗Thakur‘. (f) Hor Sereng—Raghunath Murmu. (g) Soros Sereng—Babulal Murmu ―Adivasi‖. (h) More Sin More Ndia—Rup Chand Hansda. (i) Judasi Madwa Latar—Tez Narayan Murmu. Section B Modern Literature Part I—Poetry (a) Onorhen Baha Dhalwak—Paul Jujhar Soren. (b) Asar Binti—Narayan Soren ―Tore Sutam‖. (c) Chand Mala—Gora Chand Tudu. (d) Onto Baha Mala—Aditya Mitra ―Santhali‖. (e) Tiryo Tetang—Hari Har Hansda. (f) Sisirjon Rar—Thakur Prasad Murmu. Part II—Novels (a) Harmawak Ato—R.Karstiars (Translator—R.K. Kisku Rapaz). (b) Manu Mati—Chandra Mohan Hansda. (c) Ato Orak—Doman Hansdak. (d) Ojoy Gada Dhiph re—Nathenial Murmu. Part III—Stories (a) Jiyon Gada—Rup Chand Hansda and Jadumani Beshra. (b) Mayajaal—Doman Sahu ‗Samir‘ and Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‗Thakur‘. Part IV—Drama (a) Kherwar Bir—Pandit Raghunath Murmu. (b) Juri Khatir—Dr. K.C. Tudu. (c) Birsa Bir—Ravi Lal Tudu. Part V—Biography Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako—Dr. Biswanath Hansda. SINDHI PAPER I Answers must be written in Sindhi (Arabic or Devanagari Script) Section A 1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language—views of different scholars. (b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphologyand syntax. (c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language. (d) Sindhi vocabulary—stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods. (e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi. (f) Changesin the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other languages andsocial conditions. Section B 2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods : (a) Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including folk literature. (b) Late medieval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D. (c) Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D. (d) Modern period from 1947 and onwards. (Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature and experiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, essay,literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs and travelogues.) PAPER II Answer must be written in Sindhi (Arabic or Devanagari script) This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate‘scritical ability. Section A References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section. (1) Poetry a. ‗‗Shah Jo Choond Shair‘‘ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages). b. ‗‗Sachal Jo Choond Kalam‘‘ : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only). c. ‗‗Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka‘‘ : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages). d. ‗‗Shair-e-Bewas‘‘ : by Kishinchand Bewas (―Saamoondi Sipoon‘‘ portion only). e. ‗‗Roshan Chhanvro‘‘ : Narayan Shyam. f. ‗‗Virhange Khapoi je Sindhi Shair jee Choond‘‘ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya Akademi. (2)Drama g. ‗‗Behtareen Sindhi Natak‘‘ (One-act Plays) : Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi Academy. h. ‗‗Kako Kaloomal‘‘ (Full-length Play ) : by Madan Jumani. Section B References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section. a. ‗Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya‘ (Novel) : by Gobind Malhi. b. ‗Sat Deenhan‘ (Novel) : by Krishin Khatwani. c. ‗Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon‘ (Short Stories) Vol. III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, published by SahityaAkademi. d. ‗Bandhan‘ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani. e. ‗Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon‘ (Essays): Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi Academi. f. ‗Sindhi Tanqeed‘ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi. g. ‗Mumhinjee Hayati-a-ja Sona Ropa varqa‘ (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani. h. ‗‗Dr. Choithram Gidwani‘‘ (Biography) : by Vishnu Sharma. TAMIL PAPER I Answers must be written in Tamil Section A Part 1: History of Tamil Language Major Indian Language Families—The place of Tamil among Indian Languages in general and Dravidian inparticular—Enumeration and Distribution of Dravidian languages. The language of Sangam Literature—The language of medieval Tamil : Pallava Period only—Historical studyof Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs—Tense markers and case markers in Tamil. Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil—Regional and social dialects—difference between literary and spoken Tamil. Part 2 : History of Tamil Literature Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literature—The division of Akam and Puram—The secular characteristics of SangamLiterature—The development of Ethical literature—Silappadikaram and Manimekalai. Part 3 : Devotional Literature (Alwars and Nayanamars) The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns—Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji). Part 1 : Recent trends in Tamil Studies Approaches to criticism : Social, psychological, historical and moralistic—the use of criticism—the various techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyappadu, Padimam (image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (Ambiguity)—The concept of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature. Part 2 : Folk literature in Tamil Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles—Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation— Translation ofTamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil. Part 3 : Cultural Heritage of the Tamils Concept of Love and War—Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare- customs beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais. The Cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature—cultural fusion in the medieval period (Janism and Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later Cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamil society. PAPER II Answers must be written in Tamil The paper will require first-hand reading of the text prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability ofthe candidate. Section A Part 1 : Ancient Literature (1) Kuruntokai (1—25 poems) (2) Purananuru (182—200 poems) (3) Tirukkural Porutpal : Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum (from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai). Part 2 : Epic Literature (1) Silappadikaram : Madhurai Kandam only. (2) Kambaramayanam : Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam. Part 3 : Devotional Literature (1) Tiruvasagam : Neetthal Vinnappam (2) Tiruppavai : (Full Text). Section B Part 1 : Poetry Modern Literature (1) Bharathiar : Kannan Pattu (2) Bharathidasan : Kudumba Vilakku (3) Naa. Kamarasan : Karappu Malarkal Prose (1) Mu. Varadharajanar : Aramum Arasiyalum (2) C. N. Annadurai : Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame. Part 2 : Novel, Short Story and Drama (1) Akilon ; Chittairappavai (2) Jayakanthan : Gurupeedam (3) Cho : Yaurkkum Vetkamillai Part 3 : Folk Literature (1) Muthuppattan kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication : Madurai Kamaraj University). (2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication : Saraswathi Mahal, Thanjavur). TELUGU PAPER I Answer must be written in Telugu Section A : Language 1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity—Etymological History of Telugu,Tenugu andAndhra. 2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto- Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu. 3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language. 4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu. 5. Modernization of Telugu language : (a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu. (b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (News-papers, Radio, TV etc.) (c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses includingscientific and technical. 6. Dialects of Telugu—Regional and social variations and problems of Standardization. 7. Syntax—Major divisions of Telugu sentences—simple, complex and compound sentences—Noun and verb predications—Processes of nominalization and relativization—Direct and indirect reporting- conversion processes. 8. Translation—Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic—Methods of translation—Approaches to translation—Literary and other kinds of translation—Various uses of translation. Section B : Literature 1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period—Marga and Desi poetry. 2. Nannaya Period—Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata. 3. Saiva poets and their contribution—Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana. 4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature. 5. Errana and his literary works—Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry. 6. Srinatha and Potana—Their works and contribution. 7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature—Tallapaka Annamayya, ramadasu, tyagayya. 8. Evolution of prabandhas—Kavya and prabandha. 9. Southern school of Telugu literature-raghunatha Nayaka, chemakura vankatakavi and women poets- Literaryforms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita. 10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms—Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms. 11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classisicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionarymovements. 12. Digambarakavulu, feminist and dalit Literature. 13. Main divisions of folk literature—Performing folk arts. PAPER II Answer must be written in Telugu This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidate‘scritical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches :— (i) Aesthetic approach—Rassa, Dhawani, Vakroti and Auchitya—Formal and Structural-Imagery and Symbolism. (ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches. Section A 1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Chritra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5—109). 2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva-3rd Canto verses 1—144). 3. Srinath-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, verses 76—133). 4. Pingali Surana-sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurno-dayamu 4 Canto verses, 60—142). 5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika). 6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi—Andhra Nayaka Satakamu. Section B 7. Gurajada Appa Rao—Animutyalu (Short stories). 8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana—Andhra prasasti. 9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry—Krishnapaksham (excluding Uravsi and Pravasam). 10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam. 11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I). 12. C. Narayana Reddy—Karpuravasanta rayalu. 13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma—Sarada lekhalu (Part I). 14. Atreya—N.G.O. 15. Racha Konda Viswanatha Sastry—Alpajaeevi. URDU PAPER I Answer must be written in Urdu Section A Development of Urdu Language (a) Development of Indo-Aryan (i) Old Indo-Aryan (ii) Middle Indo-Aryan (iii) New Indo-Aryan. (b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi, Kannauji, Bundeli—Theories about theorigin of Urdu language. (c) Dakhani Urdu—origin and development, its significant linguistic features. (d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language— and its distinctive features.Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary. Section B (a) Genres and their development : (i) Poetry: Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai Jadid Nazm. (ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography. (b) Significant feaures of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools, (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement,Progressive movement, Modernism. (c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain,Ale-Ahmad Suroor. (d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginativetopics). PAPER II Answer must be written in Urdu This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate'scritical ability. Section A References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section. (1) Poetry a. ‗‗Shah Jo Choond Shair‘‘ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages). b. ‗‗Sachal Jo Choond Kalam‘‘ : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only). c. ‗‗Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka‘‘ : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages). d. ‗‗Shair-e-Bewas‘‘ : by Kishinchand Bewas (―Saamoondi Sipoon‘‘ portion only). e. ‗‗Roshan Chhanvro‘‘ : Narayan Shyam. f. ‗‗Virhange Khapoi je Sindhi Shair jee Choond‘‘ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya Akademi. (2)Drama g. ‗‗Behtareen Sindhi Natak‘‘ (One-act Plays) : Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi Academy. h. ‗‗Kako Kaloomal‘‘ (Full-length Play ) : by Madan Jumani. Section B References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section. a. ‗Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya‘ (Novel) : by Gobind Malhi. b. ‗Sat Deenhan‘ (Novel) : by Krishin Khatwani. c. ‗Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon‘ (Short Stories) Vol. III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, published by SahityaAkademi. d. ‗Bandhan‘ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani. e. ‗Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon‘ (Essays): Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi Academi. f. ‗Sindhi Tanqeed‘ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi. g. ‗Mumhinjee Hayati-a-ja Sona Ropa varqa‘ (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani. h. ‗‗Dr. Choithram Gidwani‘‘ (Biography) : by Vishnu Sharma. MANAGEMENT PAPER I The candidate should make a study of the concept of development of Management as science and art drawing upon the contributions of leading thinkers of management and apply the concepts to the real life of government and business decision-making keeping in view the changes in the strategic and operative environment. PAPER I 1. Managerial Function and Process : Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions— Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision-making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment, Flexible Systems Management; Social responsibility and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and indirect value chain. 2. Organisational Behaviour and Design : Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The individual processes—personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics of Organization behaviour—power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles, communication; The Organizational Processes—decision-making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory and design—Organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Organization; Organizational change and development; Knowledge Based Enterprise—systems and processes; Networked and virtual organizations. 3. Human Resource Management : HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation, Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation management and benefits; Employee morale and productivity; Management of Organizational climate and Industrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International human resource management. 4. Accounting for Managers : Financial accounting—concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurement of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, importance and scope; Cost accounting— records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration between financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero-base budgeting, relevant costingand costing for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and absorption costing. 5. Financial Management : Goal of Finance Function. Concepts of value and return. Valuation of bonds and Shares; Management of working capital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash, receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial policy and strategy, management of corporate distressand restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and instruments; Leasing hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector. 6. Marketing Management : Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analyzing competition; Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research; Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; Integrated marketing communications; Building customer satisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail management; Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing. PAPER-II 1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision-making : Descriptive statistics—tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference about population variances, Chisquare and ANOVA,simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers; Linear programming— problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity analysis. 2. Production and Operations Management : Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production; Aggregate production planning, capacity planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale of operations, Management of facilities; Line balancing; Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control; Supply, chain management— vendor evaluation and audit; Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma; Flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; World class manufacturing; Project management concepts, R&D management, Management of service operations; Role and importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Waste management. 3. Management Information System : Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory; Information resource management; Types of information Systems; Systems Development—Overview of Systems and Design; System Development management life-cycle, Designing online and distributed environments; Implementation and control of project; Trends in information technology; Managing data resources—Organising data. DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; Information systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User involvement; Evaluation of information systems. 4. Government Business Interface : State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Business and different Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India; Government‘s policy with regard to Small Scale Industries; Government clearances for establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; Government control over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of Voluntary Organizations in protecting consumers‘ rights; New Industrial Policy of the Government : liberalization, deregulation and privatisation; Indian planning system; Government policy concerning development of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as the Governmentto protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws. 5. Strategic Cost Management : Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic intent, vision, objectives and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementation; Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis—Impact matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industry analysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategies— expansion, integration and diversification; Concept of core competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; chief Executive and Board; turnaround management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context. 6. International Business : International Business Environment : Changing composition of trade in goods and services; India‘s Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTAs; Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation Management in International companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments; Global E-Business; Designing global organisational structure and control; Multicultural management; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and International Banking; External Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis. MATHEMATICS PAPER I (1) Linear Algebra : Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions, Linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation. Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence‘s and similarity; Rank of a matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues. (2) Calculus : Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem, Taylor‘s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two or three variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange‘s method of multipliers, Jacobian. Riemann‘s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes. (3) Analytic Geometry : Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three variables, reduction to Canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties. (4) Ordinary Differential Equations : Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor; Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut‘s equation, singular solution. Second and higher order liner equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular integral and general solution. Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination of complete solution when one solution is known using method of variation of parameters. Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary functions. Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant coefficients. (5) Dynamics and Statics : Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion; Work andenergy, conservation of energy; Kepler‘s laws, orbits under central forces. Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy, friction, Common catenary; Principle ofvirtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions. (6) Vector Analysis : Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl incartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and vector equation. Application to geometry : Curves in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-Furenet's formulae.Gauss and Stokes‘ theorems, Green's indentities. PAPER II (1) Algebra : Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange‘s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley‘s theorem. Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields. (2) Real Analysis : Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; Sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, propertiesof continuous functions on compact sets. Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus. Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions; Partialderivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima. (3) Complex Analysis : Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power series, representation of an analytic function, Taylor‘s series; Singularities; Laurent‘s series; Cauchy‘s residue theorem; Contour integration. (4) Linear Programming : Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution; Graphical method and simplex method of solutions; Duality. Transportation and assignment problems. (5) Partial Differential Equations : Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy‘s method of characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace equation and their solutions. (6) Numerical Analysis and Computer Programming : Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, Regula- Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination and Gauss- Jorden (direct), Gauss-Seidel (interactive) methods. Newton‘s (forward and backward) and interpolation, Lagrange‘s interpolation. Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson‘s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula.Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations : Eular and Runga Kutta methods. Computer Programming : Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal and HexadecimalSystems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra of binary numbers. Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal forms. Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integers.Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems. (7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics : Generalised coordinates; D‘Alembert‘s principle and Lagrange‘s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions. Equation of continuity; Euler‘s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PAPER I 1. Mechanics : 1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies : Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics. 1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies : Generalized Hooke‘s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses-thin walled pressure vessel;material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure. 2.Engineering Materials : Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heat- treatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite materials and nano-