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Core Purpose

The Central Government, in consultation with the Central Electricity Authority, determines norms for the tariff for sale of electricity by Atomic Power Stations to State Electricity Boards and other persons.

Detailed Summary

The Department of Atomic Energy, through S.O. 3021(E) dated 4th July, 2025, issued a notification under Section 22(1)(b) of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33 of 1962) and Section 45(1) of the Electricity Act, 2003, to establish norms for electricity tariff determination. These revised tariffs are effective from 1st April, 2022, superseding norms from Notification No.4/8/1/2017-Power/14991 dated November 20, 2017, which applied until March 31, 2022. The tariff will be revised every five years and can be determined stage-wise, unit-wise, or for the entire station. Technical norms include adopting the Atomic Energy Commission-approved realistic achievable capacity, specific Plant Load Factors (PLFs) for various stations (e.g., TAPS 1-2 at 68.5%, KKNPP 3-4 at 80%), and detailed auxiliary power consumption percentages for different reactor types (e.g., BWR - TAPS 1&2 at 9%, KKNPP 1-6 at 7.8%). It also specifies Annual Fuel Recovery Charges (AFRC) based on a 15-year present value at a 12% discount rate, fuel consumption rates (e.g., PHWR at 25 kg/MU), heavy water inventory (e.g., PHWR-220 MW at 287.50 tonnes), heavy water lease charges, and a heavy water make-up norm of 2 tonnes per reactor per annum for PHWRs. Normative Operation and Maintenance (O&M) charges for 2022-23 range from 75.44 Lakh/MWe for BWR - TAPS 1-2 to 27.45 Lakh/MWe for LWR-1000 MWe, escalating at 6% per annum. A special incentive of 50 paise/kWh is provided for nuclear power plants operating for 30 years. Financial norms dictate a 70:30 Debt Equity Structure for future PHWRs, a Return on Equity (ROE) of 15.50% for existing plants and new projects (with an option for a variable ROE profile), and interest rates on debt funds based on weighted average or government-notified rates. Working capital norms include 6 months fuel inventory for PHWRs, 2% of current capital cost for stores, one month's O&M expenditure, and 45 days average billing for sundry debtors (60 days for existing PPAs). Interest on working capital is 12% for fuel inventory and SBI's lending rate for other components. Foreign Exchange Rate Variation (FERV) and hedging costs are pass-through. Depreciation is 3% per annum for existing projects and 2.33% per annum for 30 years for new projects commissioned after April 2022. A decommissioning levy of 12 paise/kWh is applicable, and actual tax paid by NPCIL is recovered from beneficiaries. Revenue from infirm power reduces capital expenditure, and direct electricity supply to consumers is at mutually negotiated rates subject to competent authority approval.

Full Text

REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99 The Gazette of India CG-MH-E-08072025-264448 EXTRAORDINARY PART II-Section 3-Sub-section (ii) PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY NEW DELHI, MONDAY, JULY 7, 2025/ASHADHA 16, 1947 No. 2954] DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY (Power section) NOTIFICATION Mumbai, the 4th July, 2025 S.O. 3021(E).—In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (b) of Sub-section (1) of Section 22 of Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33 of 1962) read with Sub-section (1) of Section 45 of the Electricity Act, 2003 the Central Government in consultation with the Central Electricity Authority hereby determines the norms as given below in accordance with which the tariff for sale of electricity by the Atomic Power Stations to the State Electricity Boards and to other persons shall be determined: 1.0 Technical Norms: 1.1 Installed Capacity: The realistic achievable capacity of the power station approved by the Atomic Energy Commission shall be adopted. 1.2 Plant Load Factor: | Station(s) | PLF | | :--------- | :---- | | TAPS 1-2 | 68.5% | | RAPS 2-4 | 68.5% | | MAPS 1-2 | 68.5% | | NAPS 1-2 | 68.5% | | KAPS 1-2 | 72.5% | | KGS 1-2 | 68.5% | | KGS 3-4 | 72.5% | | RAPS 5-6 | 72.5% | | TAPS 3-4 | 68.5% | | KKNPP 1-2 | 70% | | KKNPP 3-4 | 80% | | 700 MWe | 72.5% | To be reviewed once in two years. 1.3 Stabilisation Period: There shall be no stabilisation period for the Atomic Power Stations. 1.4 Auxiliary Consumption: Auxiliary power consumption as percentage of normative generation for various types of reactors shall be taken as follows: | Type of Reactor | Percentage of normative generation | | :----------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------- | | BWR - TAPS 1&2 | 9% | | PHWR 220 MWe (w/o cooling towers) | 10.5% | | PHWR 220 MWe (with cooling towers) | 11.75% | | PHWR 540 MWe & 700 MWe (w/o cooling towers) | 10.2% | | KKNPP 1-6 (1000 MWe LWRs) | 7.8% | | PHWR (700 MWe) with cooling towers | 11.25% | 1.5 Annual fuel recovery charge (AFRC): Annual fuel recovery charge in case of PHWR shall be so fixed that the present value of charges over a period of fifteen years at a discount rate of 12% shall be equal to the value of initial half charge of fuel. The AFRC shall be re-fixed for the half core of the fuel, whenever fresh fuel is loaded, say after EMCCR/EMFR etc. for KKNPP/LWRs, AFRC shall be fixed such that the present value of charges over a period of fifteen years at a discount rate of 12% to be equal to the value of two-third charge of initial load of fuel. 1.6 Fuel consumption: | Type of Reactor | Fuel Consumption | | :------------------------------------ | :--------------- | | BWR - TAPS | 134 MWD/MU | | PHWR (200/220/540/700 MWe) | 25 kg/MU | | LWR KKNPP1-2 (1000 MWe) | 128 MWD/MU | Fuel price shall be notified by DAE every year. The fuel cost shall be computed by multiplying the fuel consumption rate as given above and the weighted average price of fuel available at the station at any point of time. The fuel consumption charge will be subject to adjustment for variation in the fuel price. Variation in effective tariff rate as a result of such adjustment charges shall not be deemed to be change or revision of tariff. 1.7 Heavy Water Inventory (per reactor): | Type of Reactor | Heavy Water Inventory (per reactor) | | :------------------------------- | :---------------------------------- | | PHWR-220 MW Units | 287.50 tonnes | | PHWR – 540 MW / 700 MWe Units | 570 tonnes | 1.8 Heavy Water Lease charges: Heavy water lease charges on the heavy water inventory held by the plant as given at Para 1.7 will be payable at the rate notified by DAE from time to time. They are charged in a manner so that lease charges are recovered in the form of equated annual instalments (EAI). Heavy water lease charges will be subject to adjustment towards variations in the prices and variation in the effective tariff as a result of such adjustments shall not be deemed to be revision of the tariff. 1.9 Heavy Water Make Up norm: For all Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors – 2 tonnes per reactor per annum. The price of heavy water for make up shall be as notified by DAE from time to time. Heavy Water makeup charge will be subject to adjustment towards variations in the prices and variation in the effective tariff as a result of such adjustments shall not be deemed to be revision of the tariff. 1.10 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) charges and its escalation: The normative O&M charges in Lakh/MWe for the year 2022-23 shall be as given below: | Type of Reactor | O&M Charges | | :---------------- | :---------- | | BWR - TAPS 1-2 | 75.44 | | PHWR - 220 MWe | 63.53 | | PHWR-540 MWe | 36.16 | | PHWR-700 MWe | 27.89 | | LWR-1000 MWe | 27.45 | The normative O&M charges in subsequent years shall be increased at the rate of 6% per annum. The water charges, cess, levies and insurance charges shall be chargeable at actual and will be allowed separately. 1.11 Special Incentive for the nuclear power plants, which have operated for 30 years: Special Incentive of 50 paise/kWh shall be included in the tariff, for the nuclear power plants, which have operated for 30 years and there are no components in tariff for the sale of the power through these units, towards initial debt deployed at the time of construction of the plant. 2.0 Financial norms: 2.1 Capital cost: The actual expenditure incurred on completion of the project and subsequent capital expenditure incurred upto fixation of / revision of tariff, shall be the criteria for fixation of tariff. If actual expenditure exceeds the approved project cost, the excess shall be considered for fixation of tariff after approval of the same by the Government of India. 2.2 Debt Equity Structure: Debt Equity Structure for future PHWRs shall be in 70:30 ratio. For units in operation and projects under construction, the funding structure already fixed may be adopted. For future projects other than PHWRs, the debt equity ratio is to be decided by the Government on a case-to-case basis, depending on the maturity of technology and the constraints of the financing arrangement. In case, in a future project, the actual equity exceeds 30% of the capital expenditure as defined in Para 2.1, the ROE should be applicable only on the notional equity i.e. 30 % of the capital and excess amount will be treated as notional loan at the same interest rate as of debt component of the capital. 2.3 Return on Equity (ROE): For current operating plants (commissioned before April 1, 2022) – 15.50% For new power projects commissioned after April 1, 2022 generating company can adopt a constant RoE of 15.5% throughout the operating life or can adopt a variable RoE profile over a PPA period, starting with lower RoE during initial years gradually increasing and later decreasing, such that the PV of the RoE over the PPA period remains same as the Present Value (PV) of the constant RoE of 15.5% over the same period. The variable RoE profile shall be determined based on following formula. The mathematical formulation can be, ``` 22 22 1 RoE i 15.5 * ∑ ------------- = ∑ ----------- i=1 (1 + g) i i=1 (1+g)i ``` RoE i = RoE to be charged for the year "i" Where, discounting rate, is the G-sec rate of RBI for 10 years previous to commissioning of the project and 'n' is the PPA period. (i) The equity capital is defined as below: "Equity capital for stations for the purpose of fixation of tariff shall be reckoned as the total cumulative investment less the borrowed funds used for the station viz., paid up and subscribed capital and internal surplus utilized for the station." (ii) Equity shall not be reduced irrespective of whether the capital assets have been depreciated or not. 2.4 Interest rate on Debt funds: (i) Interest shall be the weighted average rate of interest applicable for the year calculated on the loan port-folio at the beginning of the year. The repayment of loan for each year shall be deemed to be equal to the capital cost recovery allowed for that year. (ii) In the case of perpetual loan from the Government of India, the loan amount shall not be reduced for computation of tariff as the loan is in perpetuity. (iii) The interest for the Government loan shall be computed at the rates notified by the Government from time to time. Any change in the interest rates for the Government loan, if notified by the Government, will be automatically effected in the tariff prospectively through an adjustment by the respective Atomic Power Station. Variations in the effective tariff as a result of the revision in interest rates as notified by the Government shall not be deemed to be a revision of the tariff. 2.5 Working Capital norms: (i) Fuel inventory will be equivalent to 6 months fuel consumption in case of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors and fuel requirement of one reload for BWRs and LWRs. (ii) Stores inventory will be equivalent to 2% of the current capital cost. Current capital cost is the cost of latest completed project of similar capacity and design escalated to the year of fixation/revision of tariff on the basis of weighted price index of CPI and WPI in the ratio of 50:50. (iii) Operation and Maintenance expenditure for one month. (iv) Sundry debtors: Receivables equivalent to 45 days average billing for sale of electricity. This provision should be given effect in all future PPAs for payment of the bills and considered for working capital thereafter (for existing PPAs the norm may continue to be 60 days till their validity period). 2.6 Interest on Working Capital: For fuel inventory, Interest at the rate of 12% is to be considered and for other components, lending rate quoted by State Bank of India for medium term loans, which is the rates paid by NPCIL, is to be considered. 2.7 Foreign Exchange Rate Variation (FERV) and Hedging Costs: Actual cost of hedging or if hedging has not been resorted to, FERV shall be allowed as pass through. 2.8 Depreciation (Capital Cost Recovery Component): For the projects which have commenced commercial operations and also existing operating stations, 3% of the capital cost per annum. For new projects commissioned after April 2022 and which are yet to commence commercial operation, 2.33% of the capital cost p.a. for a period of 30 years, thereafter, the balance recovery to be spread over remaining economic life of the plant. 2.9 Decommissioning levy: Decommissioning levy shall be applicable at the rate of 12 paise/kWh. 2.10 Provision for taxation: Actual tax paid by NPCIL, shall be recovered from all the beneficiary DISCOMs/ customers, in proportion of the energy units supplied to them, during the year for which the tax pertains. 3.0 General: 3.1 In respect of infirm power i.e. sale of electricity prior to commercial operation of the unit any revenue from such sale shall be taken as reduction in capital expenditure and not as net revenue. 3.2 In case an Atomic Power Plant is permitted by the competent Government to supply electricity directly to a consumer in terms of clause (b) of sub-section 1 of Section 22 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, such sale shall be at mutually negotiated rates, agreed upon between the generating plant and the other person(s) subject to the approval of the competent Authority. 3.3 The revised tariffs shall be effective from 1st April 2022 and earlier norms notified vide Notification No.4/8/1/2017-Power/14991 dated November 20, 2017 will remain applicable till March 31, 2022. 3.4 The tariff shall be revised once in 5 years. 3.5 The tariff shall be determined stage-wise or unit-wise or for the station. [F.No.- 14/1/2024-Power/Vol.II] PS KARTHIGEYAN, Jt. Secy. Uploaded by Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064 and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054. Digitally signed by GORAKHA NATH Date: 2025.07.08 11:55:44+05'30' GORAKHA NATH YADAVA YADAVA

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