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Core Purpose

This notification amends the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019, by introducing new provisions related to foreign investment and beneficial ownership from countries sharing a land border with India.

Detailed Summary

The Ministry of Finance (Department of Economic Affairs), through Notification S.O. 2174(E) dated 1st May, 2026, exercises powers under clauses (aa) and (ab) of sub-section (2) of section 46 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999) to enact the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) (Amendment) Rules, 2026. These rules, effective upon publication in the Official Gazette on May 2, 2026, amend the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019. Key amendments include replacing 'government approval' with 'Government approval' in rule 2, clause (6). More significantly, rule 6, clause (a) is substituted to specify conditions for subscribing, purchasing, or selling equity instruments of an Indian company. It mandates that an entity or citizen of a country sharing a land border with India, or where beneficial ownership vests in such a country, must invest via the Government route as per Schedule I, paragraph (3), sub-clause (ii) of clause (a). Citizens of Pakistan or entities incorporated in Pakistan must also use the Government route, excluding sectors like defence, space, and atomic energy. Any subsequent change in beneficial ownership resulting in a restriction under these clauses requires prior Government approval. Multilateral Banks or Funds, where India is a member, are exempt from being treated as entities of a particular country for beneficial ownership purposes. Furthermore, investments from investor entities with direct or indirect ownership by a citizen or entity of a country sharing a land border with India, not requiring prior Government approval, are subject to Reserve Bank reporting requirements. Explanation 1 defines 'beneficial owner of an investment into India' and clarifies that 'beneficial owner' aligns with clause (fa) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 (15 of 2003), determined by criteria in sub-rule (3) of rule 9 of the Prevention of Money-laundering (Maintenance of Records) Rules, 2005. Explanation 2 details circumstances under which beneficial ownership is considered vested in a country sharing a land border with India, based on rights or entitlements exceeding thresholds in sub-rule (3) of rule 9 of the Prevention of Money-laundering (Maintenance of Records) Rules, 2005, or ability to exercise control. Explanation 3 clarifies that issuing or transferring 'participating interest or right' in oil fields by Indian companies to non-residents is treated as foreign investment and must comply with Schedule I conditions. The original 2019 Rules were published vide S.O.3732 (E), dated 17th October, 2019, and have been amended multiple times, with the latest prior amendment being S.O. 2549 (E), dated 11th June 2025.

Full Text

REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99 The Gazette of India CG-DL-E-02052026-272196 EXTRAORDINARY PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii) PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY No. 2093] NEW DELHI, SATURDAY, MAY 2, 2026/VAISAKHA 12, 1948 MINISTRY OF FINANCE (Department of Economic Affairs) NOTIFICATION New Delhi, the 1st May, 2026 S.O. 2174(E). — In exercise of the powers conferred by clauses (aa) and (ab) of sub-section (2) of section 46 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules further to amend the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019, namely: 1. (1) These rules may be called the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) (Amendment) Rules, 2026. (2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette. 2. In the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019, — (a) in rule 2, in clause (6), for the words “government approval”, the words “Government approval" shall be substituted; (b) in rule 6, for clause (a), the following clause shall be substituted, namely: - '(a) may subscribe, purchase or sell equity instruments of an Indian company in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions as specified in Schedule I: Provided that — (i) an entity or a citizen of a country, which shares land border with India, or where the beneficial owner of an investment into India is a citizen of any such country, or where the beneficial ownership of an investment is vested in any such country, shall invest only under the Government route specified in sub- clause (ii) of clause (a) of paragraph (3) of Schedule I; (ii) a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan shall invest only under the Government route, in sectors or activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and such other sectors or activities prohibited for foreign investment; (iii) in the event of the transfer of ownership of any existing or future FDI in an entity in India, directly or indirectly, resulting in the beneficial ownership falling within the restriction of the above clauses (i) and (ii), such subsequent change in beneficial ownership shall also require prior Government approval. (iv) a Multilateral Bank or Fund, of which India is a member, shall not be treated as an entity of a particular country nor shall any country be treated as the beneficial owner of the investments of such Bank or Fund in India: Provided further that the investments into India from an investor entity, (i) having any direct or indirect ownership by a citizen or an entity of a country sharing land border with India; and (ii) not requiring prior Government approval under the provisions of this clause, shall be subject to reporting requirements specified by the Reserve Bank. Explanation 1. — For the purposes of this clause, — (i) the expression "beneficial owner of an investment into India" shall mean the beneficial owner of the investor entity incorporated or registered in a country other than a country which shares land border with India; and (ii) the expression “beneficial owner” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause (fa) of sub- section (1) of section 2 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 (15 of 2003), and shall be determined as per the criteria specified under sub-rule (3) of rule 9 of the Prevention of Money-laundering (Maintenance of Records) Rules, 2005, made under the said Act. Explanation 2. —The beneficial ownership of the investment shall be construed to be vested in a country sharing land border with India, where – (a) a citizen of a country sharing land border with India; or (b) an entity incorporated or registered in such country sharing land border with India, has the ability to directly or indirectly, individually or cumulatively with any another citizen or entity, independently or collectively with any another citizen or entity, whether acting together or otherwise, hold rights or entitlements — (A) in excess of the applicable thresholds specified in sub-rule (3) of rule 9 of Prevention of Money- laundering (Maintenance of Records) Rules, 2005 over an investor entity which is incorporated or registered in a country other than a country sharing land border with India; or (B) which enables such citizen or entity or both to exercise control over the investor entity referred above; or (C) which enables such citizen or entity or both to exercise ultimate effective control over the Investee entity in any manner. Explanation 3. — Issue or transfer of "participating interest or right" in oil fields by Indian companies to a person resident outside India would be treated as foreign investment and shall comply with the conditions specified in Schedule I.'. [F. No. 1/4/2026-EM] ALOK TIWARI, Jt. Secy. Note: The Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019 were published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3. Sub-section (ii) vide number S.O.3732 (E), dated the 17th October, 2019 and subsequently amended vide the following notification numbers: (i) S.O. 4355 (E), dated the 5th December 2019; (ii) S.O. 1278 (E), dated the 22nd April, 2020; (iii) S.O. 1374 (E), dated the 27th April, 2020; (iv) S.O. 2442 (E), dated the 27th July, 2020; (v) S.O. 4441 (E), dated the 8th December, 2020; (vi) S.O. 3206 (E), dated the 9th August, 2021; (vii) S.O. 3411 (E), dated the 19th August, 2021; (viii) S.O. 4091 (E), dated the 5th October 2021; (ix) S.O. 4242 (E), dated the 12th October 2021; (x) S.O. 1802 (E), dated 12th April 2022; (xi) S.O. 332 (E), dated 24th January 2024; (xii) S.O. 1361 (E), dated 14th March 2024; (xiii) S.O. 1722 (E), dated 16th April 2024; (xiv) S.O. 3492 (E), dated 16th August 2024; and (xv) S.O. 2549 (E), dated 11th June 2025 Uploaded by Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064 and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054.

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